Exam #1 - Practice Tests Flashcards
Practice Tests 1 - 3
Statistical data are often relevant when discussing psychological disorders. For example, a researcher might want to know how many new cases of depression are diagnosed each year, a figure called the ____________ of
incidence
Which of the following is true about the definition of abnormality?
it is difficult to define “normal” and “abnormal”
The study of the cause of disorders, including consideration of biological, psychological, and social dimensions, is called __________.
etiology
According to your textbook, the definition of a psychological disorder is associated with:
impaired functioning
A male college student begins feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to go to classes and work at his job he finds himself feeling down much of the time and worries about what is happening to him. Which part of the definition of abnormality applies to his situation?
personal distress
When people with mental illnesses internalize negative stereotypes and prejudice, they are engaging in which type of stigma?
self-stigma
Which of these describes the supernatural view of abnormal behavior?
abnormal behavior is caused by evil spirits, demons, gods, or witches
During the 19th century, the biological tradition of psychological disorders was supported by the discovery that a bacterial microorganism, ____________ could result in psychotic symptoms and bizarre behaviors in advanced stages.
syphilis
In contrast to the asylums of the early 18th century, the psychosocial approach called the “moral treatment movement” advocated all of the following EXCEPT
restraint and seclusion
When 20-year-old Larry was first diagnosed with schizophrenia, his family wanted to know if and how the disorder would progress and how it would affect him in the future. In medical terms, the family wanted to know Larry’s _________.
prognosis
The work of Albert Bandura regarding modeling helps us to understand the development of psychopathology because it demonstrates that animals ___________.
can learn patterns of behavior by observing others
The work of individuals like Beck and Ellis showed that people can experience psychopathology as a result of how they interpret events experienced in the world around them. This view best represents which perspective of psychopathology?
behavioral
Which model asserts that race, ethnicity, gender, and SES all play a role in the development of mental illness?
sociocultural model
In Pavlov’s classical conditioning experiment, what does the food represent?
the unconditioned stimulus
Which model sees factors such as chemical imbalances in the brain and genetics as main contributors to mental illness?
biological
Your uncle spent most of his teen years in a hospital undergoing treatment for a severe physical illness. As an adult, he is rather shy and withdrawn, particularly around women. He has been diagnosed with social phobia, and you believe that it is entirely due to lack of socialization during his teen years. Your theory or model of what caused his phobia is
unidimensional
If you take a Tylenol and a headache goes away, you will likely take Tylenol again in the future when you have a headache. This represents which behavioral contingency in operant conditioning?
negative reinforcement
What is the process through which patients project attitudes they held toward figures during childhood onto their therapist?
transference
You and a friend are lost while walking on a street in a foreign city. A stranger approaches, and you are concerned that the stranger may try to rob you. Your friend assumes the stranger is approaching to give you directions. As the stranger approaches, you experience fear, but your friend experiences relief. Your different emotional reactions can be explained by the _________ theory of emotion.
cognitive
A therapist treats all of her patients with unconditional positive regard, warmth, and genuine respect. The therapist believes that these things are necessary for the person to achieve their full potential. This therapist most likely ascribes to which perspective on abnormal behavior?
humanistic
Which of the following is NOT an element of a diagnosis according to the DSM-5?
etiology
Four-year-old Benny is very aggressive toward his peers, which results in poor peer relationships. A psychologist has been asked to assess Benny’s aggressiveness and determine if he needs intervention. The psychologist would probably do what type of assessment?
behavioral
We want to make sure that the experience one patient has when taking a test or being assessed is the same as another patient taking the test the same day or on a different day, and with either the same tester or another tester. This is accomplished with the use of clearly laid out rules, norms, and/or procedures, and is called __________.
standardization
Which of the following describes the concept of validity as it applies to psychological assessment?
An assessment technique measures what it is designed to measure
