Exam #1 Study Guide

Question 1

Supernatural View

Answer 1

Abnormal behavior caused by the supernatural

Question 2

Biological View

Answer 2

-Natural View
-Thoughts, behavior, & intellect relied on 4 fluids (“Humors”) flowing throughout the body

Question 3

Psychological View

Answer 3

-Moral Therapy
-Treating patients normally; encouraging social interaction & elimination of isolation/restraints

Question 4

Stigma

Answer 4

-When negative stereotyping, labeling, rejection, & loss of status occur
-Public vs. Self

Question 5

Elements of Abnormality

Answer 5

-Deviancy
-Suffering/Distress
-Impairment/Dysfunction
-Dangerousness

Question 6

Epidemiology

Answer 6

Study of the frequency, causes, and distribution of disorders in populations

Question 7

Prevalence

Answer 7

Number of active cases in population during any given period of time

Question 7

Incidence

Answer 7

Number of new cases in a population over a given period of time

Question 8

Comorbidity

Answer 8

When two or more disorders are occurring at the same time and in the same person

Question 9

Prognosis

Answer 9

Anticipated course, “outlook” for how the disorder will progress

Question 10

Etiology

Answer 10

Cause(s) of a disorder, disease, or condition (social, biological, or psychological)

Question 11

Id

Answer 11

-Pleasure principle (Devil)
-Impulsive, subconscious, animal instinct

Question 12

Ego

Answer 12

-Reality Principle
-Mediator between id & superego

Question 13

Superego

Answer 13

-Moral Compass (Angel)
-Consciences representative of societal views

Question 14

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 14

Thing that causes a response with out prior experience; instinctual

Question 15

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 15

Reaction naturally caused by US; no prior experience

Question 16

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 16

does not naturally cause response

Question 17

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 17

Formerly NS that causes response after repeated pairing with US

Question 18

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 18

Reaction to stimulus learned through repeated pairing

Question 19

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 19

Adding to increase behavior

Question 20

Positive Punishment

Answer 20

Adding to decrease behavior

Question 21

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 21

Taking away to increase behavior

Question 22

Negative Punishment

Answer 22

Taking away to decrease behavior

Question 23

Social / observational learning

Answer 23

Learning through the observation of others

Question 24

Schema

Answer 24

Underlying set of beliefs and expectations that guide processing of information

Question 25

Attribution

Answer 25

Process of assigning causes to things that happen

Question 26

Attributional Style

Answer 26

Characteristic way that individuals may assign causes to bad/good events

Question 27

Socio-cultural Factors

Answer 27

Gender, socioeconomic status, & minority status

Question 28

Developmental paradigm

Answer 28

Early experiences, especially with parents likely influence later psychopathology

Question 29

Genetic contributions to psychopathology

Answer 29

-Genotype & Prenatal Environment -Some genes have been linked to psychological disorders but most are polygenic

Question 30

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 30

Genetic makeup and environmental triggers interact in creating behavior

Question 31

How environment, brain functioning, and behavior all influence one another

Answer 31

Can change the brain

Question 32

Equifinality

Answer 32

A behavior may have several causes

Question 33

Reliability

Answer 33

Consistency

Question 34

Validity

Answer 34

Testing what it is supposed to be testing

Question 35

Standardization

Answer 35

-Assessments given the same way -Collecting outcomes (norms) to compare

Question 36

Categorical Diagnosis

Answer 36

Fit in a category or do not

Question 37

Dimensional Diagnosis

Answer 37

Can fall anywhere on continuum

Question 38

Mania

Answer 38

-Hospitalization or severe impairement -One week

Question 39

Hypomania

Answer 39

4 days

Question 40

Depressive

Answer 40

Daily symptoms for at least two weeks

Question 41

Bipolar I

Answer 41

-More severe highs -Hospitalization -Does not include depressive episodes

Question 42

Bipolar II

Answer 42

Includes depressive episodes

Question 43

Cognitive Triad for Depression

Answer 43

Thoughts about self, world, and future

Question 44

Learned Helplessness

Answer 44

State that occurs after an individual has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly

Question 45

Gender Differences in Suicide

Answer 45

-Women more likely to attempt -Men more likely to complete