Exam 3 Flashcards
Acid Deposition
emission of sulfur and nitrogen dioxide
When sulfur Dioxide is
Deadly if inhaled a high dose
Aquifer
a body of rock that holds groundwater: precipitation that has infiltrated the soil.
Artesian Well
brings groundwater to the surface
above the top of the artesian aquifer but below the land surface.
Biological Magnification
a trophic process in which retained substances become more concentrated with each link in the food chain
BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)
indicates the amount of oxygen that bacteria uses in the water over a specified time
main organism is ecolii
uses the oxygen, red-dye, stinks.
Carbon Dioxide
linked to global warming
traps infrared radiation from leaving
Catalytic Converter
used to remove hydrocarbon emissions particle VOC from exhaust
CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons)
used as a refrigerant
destroys ozone
destoyed in the atmosphere
banned
Confined Aquifer
directly recharged by precipitation in the area where the aquifer crops out.
below the unconfined layer, solid rock, artesian etc.
overlined by an impermeable or low permeable layer
DDT
Biomagnification pyramid
DDT prime suspect
runs through food chain
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
organic compound containing Chlorine
Desalination
most common is reverse osmosis: forces water through a permeable membrane and salt stays behind.
Eutrophic
become shallow over time
swamp like, algae grows on outer edge, typically deeper
slow-flowing stream, lake or estuary enriched by inorganic plant and algal nutrients such as phosphorus.
often due to fertilizer or sewage run off
Food Chain
Global Warming
sea levels are continously rising and glaziers reduced
changes in the precipitation pattern
coastal flooding
Greenhouse Effect
sunlight that hits the earth is reflected and some becomes heat, some go back to space, CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere trap heat keeping the earth warm
Groundwater
accumulates in
fossil water
High Heat Capacity
the ability of water to absorb or release lots of heat before its temperature will change
large bodies of water that have influence on the climate due to heat reservoirs and exchange
Hydrogen Bonds
an electromagnetic attraction
between hydrogen to small, but strong electronegative atom of a different molecule
Impermeable Rock/Clay Layer
a rock unable to be penetrated by any liquid or gas
prevents the passage of liquid or gas.
Infiltration
or percolation through soil and porous rock in the hydrolofic cycle
Micro- Irrigation
using black tubes/pipes that direct water to the roots
reduces 40-60% water.
less evaporation
Nitrogen Oxides
gases produced by the chemical interactions between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at high temp.
CONS:
greenhouses gases
difficulty breathing
Non-Point Source Pollution
comes from many sources
enters bodies of water over large areas rather than being concentrated at a single point of entry
Diffuse, but effect is large
ex: runoff from agricultural fields or parking lots
Oligotrophic
High oxygen
like lake tahoe
unenriched, clear water that supports small populations of aquatic organisms
Lake-
low nutrient levels
good light presentation
high dissolved oxygen
low algae growth
small fish
Particulates
Thousands of different solid or liquid
particles suspended in air
** Includes: soil particles, soot, lead, asbestos, Includes: soil particles, soot, lead, asbestos,
sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets, sea salt, and sulfuric acid droplets
WCD: Movement in Air
Photochemical Smog
type of air pollution combined by a mix of pollutants in the form of smoke and fog
comes from cars, factories, etc.
nitrogen oxide
ozone
VOC
Peroxycacyl nitrates
Point Source
comes from a single smoke stack from a company
direct point water polution that can be traced to a specific origin
discharged via pipes, sewage, and ditches
Primary Air Pollutants
sulfur oxide
harmful if inhaled directly
released directly into the atmosphere
Primary Treatment
removes suspended and floating particles by mechanical processes
large particles and soil from water
Radon Gas
comes from the breakdown of uranium
causes cancer
Secondary Air Pollutants
formed in the atmosphere
interacting
sulfuric acid
Secondary Treatment
treats wastewater biologically to decompose suspended organic material
reduces BOD
bacteria, to clean the water
Sink Holes
rapid
Homes and people
disappear
Stratospheric Ozone
good ozone
important as it ??
Essential component that screens out UV radiation in the upper atmosphere
Man made pollutants can destroy it
Subsidence
slow
went taking groundwater
Sulfur Dioxide
linked to acid rain when mixed with water
The Aquifer Diagram
The Water Cycle Diagram:
Thermal Inversion
air near te ground colder than the air above it
causes gases to be trapped for several days
Tropospheric Ozone
-bad ozone
Man Made pollutant in the lower atmosphere.
- Secondary air pollutant
- Component of photochemical smog
Water
2 hydrogen 1 oxygen
solid, liquid, gas
high heat capacity
hydrogen positive
oxygen negative
Water Pollution
when unfit por its intended use
venezuela, italy , india
Water Table
the top of the region that is saturated with soil or completely filled with water.
Upper surface of the saturated zone
high in wet season low in dry season
Water Table Well
human made hole that extend s down past the water table
unsaturated soil
Water Use
agriculture major use of water in earth
west and southwest are the driest.
WCD: Atmosphere
Oxygen or water vapor in the tropos to the atmosphere
WCD: Evaporation
when it evaporates it moves from surface, ocean water and going into the atmosphere.
WCD: Ocean
the highest amount but not portable drinkig water
WCD: Percolation
through soil, streams, rivers, and lakes
WCD: Run Off
directly into oceans or streams
WCD: Surface Water
WCD: Transpiration
Transpiration from vegetation when it comes from plants
only one plant that does not haves Scoma is a Lili pad.
Side Notes
as population grow resources decline
