Exam 1 Flashcards
Fundamental Niche
theorotical perfect role or position that a species or organism could occupy in its environment.
Potential idealized ecological niche
Realized Niche
The niche the organism occupies.
theACTUAL role or position that a species or organism occupies and functions within its environment
Primary Succession
Starts from bare rock. EX: Lichen, Moss, Grass, Shrubs, Forests
Secondary Succession
Existing soil (Most common)
Ecology
(Eco) comes from the Greek word Oikos - The House.
Biome
Regional Eco
ECO: Community
association of different populations that interact in an ecosystem.
ex. Savannah
different species that interac
ECO: Biosphere
living sphere
Phytoplankton
- plant like
- photosynthesize
- microscopic algae
- base of food chain
Zooplankton
- Animal like plankton
- eats phytoplankton
Photosynthesis
green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy
Chemosynthesis
bacterir and archae algae’s
geothermal vents
Food Chains
In the flow of energy only 10% transfers and 90% is lost
Food Webs
Represents interlocking food chains that connect all organisms in an ecosystem
all the different animals and plants in a place are connected through who eats whom
Heat
Infrared radiation
Primary Consumers
herbivores
deers and rabbits
Secondary Consumers
Carnivores
Snakes and spiders
Decomposers / Saprotrophs
Fungi and bacteria
Producers
Uses photosynthesis to create their food.
Needs light energy, water, and carbon dioxide.
Consumers / Heterotrophs
consumes another organism.
Hydrothermal Vents
bacteria is found here.
emit extremely hot mineral water
Krakatoa
an existent primary succession example.
broken into tropical rainforest.
Keystone Species
A species that exerts profound influence on a community.
- top of the food chain
-more important to the community
-Ex. Orca
Yellowstone
Idaho
Wyoming
Montana
Symbiosis
an intimate relationship between 2 or more species where the participants may be benefited, harmed, or unaffected by the relationship.
the result of coevolution
Mutualism
2 species working together, coevolution (evolve together), like the honeybee and a flowering plant
Parasitism
one organism is helped and the other hurt.
Competitive Exclusion
- One species excludes another from a portion of the same niche as a result of competition for resources.
- Interspecific competition
- One is outcompeting the other.
Intraspecific
Competition between individuals in a population.
- same species
Interspecific
Competition between individuals in 2 different species.
- different species
TCC: Photosynthesis
comes from both aquatic and terrestrial algae
TCC: Respiration
CO2 put into the atmosphere.
TCC: Combustion
human or natural; natural > forest; fire in forest caused by lighting.
- can also put co2 in the atmosphere.
TCC: Decomposition
can also put CO2 in the atmosphere
TCC: Marine Plankton
comes from both coal and natural gas
Bioluminescence
Used to…
Attract mates + food
Escape
communicate
Tundra
Permafrost
Grey Wolf
Taiga
Conifer - cone bearing
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Oak, Hickory trees
Hartwood
North or Mid East
Chaparral
Mediterranean Climate
Mild, Moist winters
Hot, dry summers
Mule, deer, chipmunks
evergreen shrubs
thin soil; often not fertile
Socal , Greece
Savannah
Large mammal herds
herbivores
Tropical Rain Forests
warm, moist
productive biome
ancient, weathered - poor soil
2 distinc canapy layers
insects, reptiles
Estuaries
Where salt and fresh water meets
Benthic Environment
bottom of the ocean
Neritic Province
shallow, open ocean
200 meters or less
Oceanic province
deep sea
Coral Reef
has the highest species diversity
Corals (from the movie)
mutualism between Nigerian pala and singe cell phytoplankton
- extremely aggressive
- eat each other at night
Emerging Diseases
Not previously observed in humans and usually jumps from animal host.
ex. Aids, Lyme Disease, West Nile Virus
Re-Emerging diseases
existed in the past and recently increasing in incidence.
ex. Tuberculosis, yellow fever, malaria
Persistence
a characteristic of certain chemicals that are extremely stable and may take may years to be broken down into simpler forms by natural processes.
ex. DDT
Bioaccumulation
The buildup of a persistent toxic substance in an organism body, often in fatty tissues.
- accumulates in body, moves through chains, and increase concentration.
Biomagnification
The increased concentration of toxic chemicals in the tissue of organisms that are at higher levels in food webs.
- single chemicals moving through a chain
-diagram of ddt
Endocrine Disruptors
- Alters hormone production
- Damages testosterone in males and progesterone in females
Toxicant
Chemical with adverse human health effects
Adverse toxic response at a certain dose
Carcinogen
- Causes cancer
- Not all synthetic; some biological
- Damages DNA
Synergistic Dilution Paradigm
The solution to pollution is dilution.
Synergistic
Deadly; not necessarily carcinogenic
Typhoon
The benefit of the reef; allows for diversity.
Pipe Fish
Male hold unto its eggs till they hatch allowing for the female to create eggs twice as fast
Largest fish in the ocean
Whale shark
Decomposition of a whale…
Carcasses take many years to decompose.
ECO: Population
individuals from the same species
Pioneer Community
in Primary; Lichen
