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Oc Anatomy 1 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

where does the cornea and conjunctiva get oxygen from during the day and night

A

day - tears
night - conjunctiva capillaries and

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2
Q

what is the lacrrimal lake

A

tear reservoir at medial canthus

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3
Q

What is the tear meniscus

A

at posterior edge of eyelid margins - area where tears collect at bottom of lid

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4
Q

what are the microplicae and microvilli

A

outer surface membrane of corneal and conjunctival epicells

It is the base of tear film

helps aid in adherence of tear film

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5
Q

name the parts of mucin and what makes it

A
  1. thin membrane associated mucin (glucocaylx)
  2. Thicker mucin (goblet)
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6
Q

name parts of tear film and what makes it

A

from cornea and out

  1. mucin (goblet cells)
  2. aqueous (lacrimal gland)
  3. lipid (meimbomian gland)
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7
Q

tears vs blood

A

tears have more potassium and chloride

blood has higher glucose

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8
Q

what are the following..
what happens when there is a decrease in them

lysozyme

lactoferrin

A

Lysozyme
- main protein of tear
-decrease = inflammatory dz

Lactoferrin
-protective to corneal and conjunctival epithelia
- decrease= aqueous dry eye

BOTH have antibacterial affect

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9
Q

what are acini

A

irregular arrangement of secretory cells around central lumen in lacrimal gland and accessory glands

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10
Q

sarcodosis causes what

A

enlarged lacrimal gland

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11
Q

name innervation of tears

A

parasympathetic

lacrimal nerve (branch from V1)

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12
Q

normal tear meniscus

A

0.5 mm

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13
Q

TBUT for dry eyes

A

less than 10 seconds

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14
Q

increased vasculature can show altered what

A

meimbomian glands

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15
Q

how long for warm compresses MGD

A

5 min BID

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16
Q

what is lagopthalmos

A

incomplete closure of lids

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17
Q

schirmers test vs phenol red vs tear osmolarity

A

both test aqueous production

schirmers is 5 minutes less that 5mm = dry

pheol red 15 min
<10 mm= dry

tear osmolarity
> or = 308 mOsm/L means dry
difference between two eyes of > 8 also means dry eyes

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18
Q

outflow of tears start with what

where do tears exit

A

capillary action tear lake to puncta.

exit inferior meaturs below inferior turbinate

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19
Q

size of
horizontal
vertical canaliculus

lacrimal sac
naso lacrimal duct

A

horizontal 8 mm
vertical canaliculus 2 mm

lacrimal sac 14
naso lacrimal duct 15

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20
Q

name and put size

A
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21
Q

explain what happens to your drainage system when you open and close your eyes

what about contracting and relazing horners muscle

A
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22
Q

how long to let collagen plug to dissolve

A

1-2 weeks

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23
Q

what covers sclera

sclera is the continuation of what

A
  • tennons capsule
  • bulbar conj

continuation of stroma

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24
Q

what do the the cornea and sclera have in common

difference in water content

A

similar collagen types
largely made of proteoglycan and collagen fibers

cornea has 78% water and cornea has 68% water

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25
Q

what accounts for lack of transparency of sclera

A

varieing size of collagen fibers
gag (glucosaminoglycans)( sclear has 1.4 gags that are found in the cornea)
68 % water
irregular space between c. fibers = light scattering

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26
Q

name to layers of episcleral and its blood supply

A

parietal
- superficial episcleral capillary plexus (radial and straight arrangment)

viceral
-deep episcleral cappilary plexus
(freely anastomosing)

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27
Q

what is ciliary injection (circumlimbal flush

A

inflammation of the cornea, iris, cilliary body causing deep vessels prominence

28
Q

episcleral bveins are thought to play a role in what

A

IOP control

29
Q

stroma thickness range

thinnest =
thickest=

A

stroma thickness range
0.5-1.0mm

thinnest = 0.3 mm recti insertion
thickest= 1.0 at pole

30
Q

explain the scleral innervation

A

short posterior cilliary nerve supply the posterior portion

the long posterior cilliary nerve supply the anterior portion

they penetrate sclera at optic nerve sheath

31
Q

axenfeld loops are

A

long cilliary nerve fibers loops in sclera

32
Q

middle
posterior
anterior
aperatures

A

middle - vertex veins pass
posterior - long and short ciliary nerves and arteries pass
anterior - anterior ciliary

33
Q

what is located at anterior scleral foramen

what about
posterior scleral foramen

A

cornea

optic neve exits here contain lamina cribosa

34
Q

what is liamina cribosa and where is it located

A

weakeast area of the outer tunic located at the posterior scleral foramen

sieve

35
Q

name the layers of the posterior pole of the stroma and their significance

A
  1. Outer
    connects to dura arachnoid and optic nerve sheath
  2. Inner
    holds lamina cribosa
36
Q

what are scleral hyaline plaques

A

they come with aging, darkish color close to the insertions of horizontal rectus not harmful

37
Q

difference between

episcleritis
and
scleritis

A

episcleritis - involves superficial episcleritis plexus and conjunctiva
redish

scleritis - deep episcleral plexus
blueish color

to get distinction use phenylephrine 10% episcleritis blanches with this gtt

38
Q

phenylephrine 2.5 % vs 10% diagnosis of what dz

A

2.5 % is conjunctivitis and episcleritis

10% is episcleritis and scleritis

39
Q
A
40
Q

what does this turn into at the limbus

corneal epithelium
corneal endothelium
corneal stroma

A

corneal epithelium > conjunctival epi
corneal endothelium > trabecular meshwork
corneal stroma> scleral stroma

41
Q

what part of the eye is considered secondary immune tissue

A

conjunctiva

42
Q

list and explain different Hyper sensitivity reactions

A

1 = allergy
2. = antibody cytotoxic
3. = immunocomplex
4. = delayed T cell

43
Q

Name differences
IgA
IgG
IgE

A

_____IgA ______
- about 15 % of immuno g.
-in tears and mucous membranes
-produced by lacrimal gland and conj

____IgG_______
-75% of immuno g
-second line of deffense
- mediator of type 1 3 4 HSR
-found in tears and aquous humor
-can cross placenta and cornea

____IgE______
-anaphylactic mediator Type 1 HSR
- histamine release mast cell
-increase permiability to let wbc move through BV

44
Q

what medication inhibits COX…. what does it stop the production of

what medication inhibits arachidonic acid pathway
what does it stop the production of

A

what medication inhibits COX…. what does it stop the production of
- NSAID, prostoglandinoids

what medication inhibits arachidonic acid pathway
what does it stop the production of
-corticosteroids , luekotryeins and prostoglandinoids

45
Q

what is the eye associated lymphoid tissue

A

it is made of
1. conj
2. lacrimal gland
3. lacrimal drainage system

46
Q

what immunoglobulin is produced more when sleeping

A

IgA

47
Q

what are wessely immune ring

A

results from infection

antigen and AB interact and go across the limbal vasculature
it goes to the corneal stroma
activates complex
polymorphonuclear leukocytes go to stroma

48
Q

normally cornea is devoid of Ag processing (t or F)

A

true

49
Q

what is khodadoust line

A

endothelial rejection line … wbc make line and shoes rejection of cornea graft

50
Q

What is responsible for making CSF

A

Choroid plexuses in ventricle

51
Q

Intracranial anatomy is primarily supplied by

A

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

52
Q

Basilary artery formed from what

A

Anastomoses of the two vertebral arteries

53
Q

Basilary artery supplies what with blood

A
  • occipital lobe
    -cerebellum
    -brainstem
54
Q

Draw anterior circle circle of willis

A
55
Q

Posterior communicating artery is close to what CN

How is this relevant to aneurysm near here

A

Aneurysm causes damage to CN III parasympathetic fibers causing blown pupil

(Remember normally parasympathetic fibers from CNIII causes constriction!)

56
Q

What do emissary veins do
What direction do they flow

A

Connect extracranial veins to dural sinuses
Bidirection valveless (normal is external to internal but can change with intracranial pressure)

57
Q

What layer contains dural venous sinuses
Where does the dural sinuses drain into

A

Duramatter

Drains in to internal jugular veins

58
Q

Name two lamellae of dura mater

A

Periosteal
Meningeal

59
Q

CFS returns to what

A

Superior sagital sinus

60
Q

Deoxygenated blood from orbit and bran goes to what venous sinuses

A

Cavernous sinus

61
Q

Cavernous sinus has what in it

A

CN III, CNIV, V1, V2 , CN VI internal carotid,

62
Q

Out flow from cavernous sinus

A
  1. Superior petrosal sinus >sigmoid sinus>internal jugular
  2. Inferior petrosal sinus > jugular vein
63
Q

Talk about carotid Cavernous fistula

A

Miscommunication between internal carotid (high pressure) and cavernous sinus (low pressure)

Sx
- increased IOP
-lid swelling
-red eye
-chemosis.
-pulsing proptosis

64
Q

Veins of the scalp and veins inferior to skull drain into what

A

Dural sinuses

65
Q

Where is the dural sinuese located

A

In between periosteal and meningeal lamellae

Oc Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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