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Oc Anatomy 1 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

where does the cornea and conjunctiva get oxygen from during the day and night

A

day - tears
night - conjunctiva capillaries and

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2
Q

what is the lacrrimal lake

A

tear reservoir at medial canthus

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3
Q

What is the tear meniscus

A

at posterior edge of eyelid margins - area where tears collect at bottom of lid

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4
Q

what are the microplicae and microvilli

A

outer surface membrane of corneal and conjunctival epicells

It is the base of tear film

helps aid in adherence of tear film

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5
Q

name the parts of mucin and what makes it

A
  1. thin membrane associated mucin (glucocaylx)
  2. Thicker mucin (goblet)
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6
Q

name parts of tear film and what makes it

A

from cornea and out

  1. mucin (goblet cells)
  2. aqueous (lacrimal gland)
  3. lipid (meimbomian gland)
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7
Q

tears vs blood

A

tears have more potassium and chloride

blood has higher glucose

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8
Q

what are the following..
what happens when there is a decrease in them

lysozyme

lactoferrin

A

Lysozyme
- main protein of tear
-decrease = inflammatory dz

Lactoferrin
-protective to corneal and conjunctival epithelia
- decrease= aqueous dry eye

BOTH have antibacterial affect

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9
Q

what are acini

A

irregular arrangement of secretory cells around central lumen in lacrimal gland and accessory glands

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10
Q

sarcodosis causes what

A

enlarged lacrimal gland

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11
Q

name innervation of tears

A

parasympathetic

lacrimal nerve (branch from V1)

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12
Q

normal tear meniscus

A

0.5 mm

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13
Q

TBUT for dry eyes

A

less than 10 seconds

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14
Q

increased vasculature can show altered what

A

meimbomian glands

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15
Q

how long for warm compresses MGD

A

5 min BID

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16
Q

what is lagopthalmos

A

incomplete closure of lids

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17
Q

schirmers test vs phenol red vs tear osmolarity

A

both test aqueous production

schirmers is 5 minutes less that 5mm = dry

pheol red 15 min
<10 mm= dry

tear osmolarity
> or = 308 mOsm/L means dry
difference between two eyes of > 8 also means dry eyes

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18
Q

outflow of tears start with what

where do tears exit

A

capillary action tear lake to puncta.

exit inferior meaturs below inferior turbinate

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19
Q

size of
horizontal
vertical canaliculus

lacrimal sac
naso lacrimal duct

A

horizontal 8 mm
vertical canaliculus 2 mm

lacrimal sac 14
naso lacrimal duct 15

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20
Q

name and put size

A
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21
Q

explain what happens to your drainage system when you open and close your eyes

what about contracting and relazing horners muscle

A
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22
Q

how long to let collagen plug to dissolve

A

1-2 weeks

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23
Q

what covers sclera

sclera is the continuation of what

A
  • tennons capsule
  • bulbar conj

continuation of stroma

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24
Q

what do the the cornea and sclera have in common

difference in water content

A

similar collagen types
largely made of proteoglycan and collagen fibers

cornea has 78% water and cornea has 68% water

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25
what accounts for lack of transparency of sclera
varieing size of collagen fibers gag (glucosaminoglycans)( sclear has 1.4 gags that are found in the cornea) 68 % water irregular space between c. fibers = light scattering
26
name to layers of episcleral and its blood supply
parietal - superficial episcleral capillary plexus (radial and straight arrangment) viceral -deep episcleral cappilary plexus (freely anastomosing)
27
what is ciliary injection (circumlimbal flush
inflammation of the cornea, iris, cilliary body causing deep vessels prominence
28
episcleral bveins are thought to play a role in what
IOP control
29
stroma thickness range thinnest = thickest=
stroma thickness range 0.5-1.0mm thinnest = 0.3 mm recti insertion thickest= 1.0 at pole
30
explain the scleral innervation
short posterior cilliary nerve supply the posterior portion the long posterior cilliary nerve supply the anterior portion they penetrate sclera at optic nerve sheath
31
axenfeld loops are
long cilliary nerve fibers loops in sclera
32
middle posterior anterior aperatures
middle - vertex veins pass posterior - long and short ciliary nerves and arteries pass anterior - anterior ciliary
33
what is located at anterior scleral foramen what about posterior scleral foramen
cornea optic neve exits here contain lamina cribosa
34
what is liamina cribosa and where is it located
weakeast area of the outer tunic located at the posterior scleral foramen sieve
35
name the layers of the posterior pole of the stroma and their significance
1. Outer connects to dura arachnoid and optic nerve sheath 2. Inner holds lamina cribosa
36
what are scleral hyaline plaques
they come with aging, darkish color close to the insertions of horizontal rectus not harmful
37
difference between episcleritis and scleritis
episcleritis - involves superficial episcleritis plexus and conjunctiva redish scleritis - deep episcleral plexus blueish color to get distinction use phenylephrine 10% episcleritis blanches with this gtt
38
phenylephrine 2.5 % vs 10% diagnosis of what dz
2.5 % is conjunctivitis and episcleritis 10% is episcleritis and scleritis
39
40
what does this turn into at the limbus corneal epithelium corneal endothelium corneal stroma
corneal epithelium > conjunctival epi corneal endothelium > trabecular meshwork corneal stroma> scleral stroma
41
what part of the eye is considered secondary immune tissue
conjunctiva
42
list and explain different Hyper sensitivity reactions
1 = allergy 2. = antibody cytotoxic 3. = immunocomplex 4. = delayed T cell
43
Name differences IgA IgG IgE
_____IgA ______ - about 15 % of immuno g. -in tears and mucous membranes -produced by lacrimal gland and conj ____IgG_______ -75% of immuno g -second line of deffense - mediator of type 1 3 4 HSR -found in tears and aquous humor -can cross placenta and cornea ____IgE______ -anaphylactic mediator Type 1 HSR - histamine release mast cell -increase permiability to let wbc move through BV
44
what medication inhibits COX.... what does it stop the production of what medication inhibits arachidonic acid pathway what does it stop the production of
what medication inhibits COX.... what does it stop the production of - NSAID, prostoglandinoids what medication inhibits arachidonic acid pathway what does it stop the production of -corticosteroids , luekotryeins and prostoglandinoids
45
what is the eye associated lymphoid tissue
it is made of 1. conj 2. lacrimal gland 3. lacrimal drainage system
46
what immunoglobulin is produced more when sleeping
IgA
47
what are wessely immune ring
results from infection antigen and AB interact and go across the limbal vasculature it goes to the corneal stroma activates complex polymorphonuclear leukocytes go to stroma
48
normally cornea is devoid of Ag processing (t or F)
true
49
what is khodadoust line
endothelial rejection line ... wbc make line and shoes rejection of cornea graft
50
What is responsible for making CSF
Choroid plexuses in ventricle
51
Intracranial anatomy is primarily supplied by
Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
52
Basilary artery formed from what
Anastomoses of the two vertebral arteries
53
Basilary artery supplies what with blood
- occipital lobe -cerebellum -brainstem
54
Draw anterior circle circle of willis
55
Posterior communicating artery is close to what CN How is this relevant to aneurysm near here
Aneurysm causes damage to CN III parasympathetic fibers causing blown pupil (Remember normally parasympathetic fibers from CNIII causes constriction!)
56
What do emissary veins do What direction do they flow
Connect extracranial veins to dural sinuses Bidirection valveless (normal is external to internal but can change with intracranial pressure)
57
What layer contains dural venous sinuses Where does the dural sinuses drain into
Duramatter Drains in to internal jugular veins
58
Name two lamellae of dura mater
Periosteal Meningeal
59
CFS returns to what
Superior sagital sinus
60
Deoxygenated blood from orbit and bran goes to what venous sinuses
Cavernous sinus
61
Cavernous sinus has what in it
CN III, CNIV, V1, V2 , CN VI internal carotid,
62
Out flow from cavernous sinus
1. Superior petrosal sinus >sigmoid sinus>internal jugular 2. Inferior petrosal sinus > jugular vein
63
Talk about carotid Cavernous fistula
Miscommunication between internal carotid (high pressure) and cavernous sinus (low pressure) Sx - increased IOP -lid swelling -red eye -chemosis. -pulsing proptosis
64
Veins of the scalp and veins inferior to skull drain into what
Dural sinuses
65
Where is the dural sinuese located
In between periosteal and meningeal lamellae

Oc Anatomy 1 (3 decks)

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