Exam 3 Flashcards
Sound waves enter the external acoustic meatus then vibrate, in order, the tympanic membrane, the ________, the oval window and the fluid of the scala ________
Auditory Ossicles
Vestibule
Vibrations then pass through the vestibular membrane and enter the ________ where they vibrate the basilar membrane. As the basilar membrane vibrates, the ________ are pushed up against the tectorial membrane.
Cochlear Duct
Hair Cells
The specific area of vibration of the basilar membrane depends upon the ________ of the detected sound. High frequency sounds stimulate proximal hair cells. Lower frequency sounds travel further down the cochlea.
Frequency
Bending of hairs initiates ________ of the cell membrane. The hair cell then releases ________ that will stimulate nearby neurons.
Depolarization
Neurotransmitters
The receptors which respond to stimuli that damage tissue are the ________ receptors, composed of ________
Pain
Free Nerve Endings
These receptors are found in most tissues, with the exception of the ________. In face they are the only receptors in the ________ to produce a sensation.
Central Nervous System
Viscera
The impulses from pain receptors of the face travel to the brain via sensory fibers within ________ nerves. Impulses from all other pain receptors pass into the spinal cord by way of the ________ nerves and are transmitted to the brain.
Cranial
Spinal
Awareness of the pain occurs when sensory impulses reach the ________. Localization of the pain source occurs when the impulse reaches the ________. This is also when pain intensity is sensed.
Thalamus
Cerebral Cortex
When the eye moves from looking at a distant object to looking at a near object, the shape of the ________ must be adjusted so that the image is focused on the retina.
Lens
For ________ vision, the ciliary muscles are ________, causing ________ tension on the suspensory ligaments. This allows the lens to become thicker and more rounded.
Near
Contracted
Decreased
For ________ vision, the ciliary muscles are ________ , causing increased tension on the suspensory ligaments. The result is a thinner lens.
Distance
Relaxed
The sense of _____ equilibrium aids in maintaining balance when there is sudden movement or rotation of the head and body.
Dynamic
________ equilibrium is the maintenance of posture and stability when the body is still. The organs for this sense, called ________, also sense the position of the head. In contrast, the sense of ________ equilibrium helps to maintain balance while in motion. The organs for this sense are the ________.
Static
Maculae
Dynamic
Cristae Ampullaris
What are the malleus, incus, and stapes?
Bones of the middle ear
After a sensory receptor is stimulated and sensory impulses travel to the brain, the brain becomes aware of the stimulus. This is called ________
When other areas of the brain interpret the incoming sensory impulses, the process of ________ has occurred.
Sensation
Perception
