Chapter 4 Flashcards
Is energy stored or is it released during the conversion of ADP to ATP
Energy is stored.
A sequence of enzyme-controlled reactions is called a
metabolic pathway
In metabolic reaction sequences, the ______ of one enzymatic reaction becomes the ______ for the next reaction in the sequence.
Product
Substrate
The rate at which the sequence of reactions progresses is determined by ______ enxymes.
Regulatory
A regulatory enzyme occurring at the start of the sequence of reactions acts as a ______ enzyme, controlling the rate of reaction of the entire
pathway.
Rate-Limiting
The order of ______ in DNA determines the order of
______ in mRNA, which determines the order of ______ in protein.
Nitrogenous Bases
Nitrogenous Bases
Amino Acids
What occurs during the phase of protein synthesis called transcription?
mRNA is produced from a DNA template.
Reactions in which smaller molecules are used to assemble larger molecules are called ______ reactions. An example is a ______ reaction.
Anabolic
Dehydration Synthesis
Reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller components are called ______ reactions. An example is a ______ reaction.
Catabolic
Hydrolysis
Energy is ______ for anabolic reactions, while energy is ______ during catabolic reactions.
Required
Released
Name the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs
Interphase
What is a cofactor?
Nonprotein molecule that must combine with some enzymes in order for them to become active
Nucleotides are the building blocks for what type of organic compound?
DNA and RNA
What is the definition of the term cellular respiration?
Chemical reactions that release energy from nutrient molecules.
DNA replication results in two identical “daughter” molecules, each consisting of one old (original) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
True
Pyruvic acid as a product
Glycolysis
Glucose as a substrate
Glycolysis
Releases high-energy electrons
Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle
Produces a net of 2 ATP
Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle
Requires Oxygen
Citric Acid Cycle and Electron Transport Chain
Acetyl CoA enters pathway
Citric Acid Cycle
Receives high-energy electrons
Electron Transport Chain
Produces 28 ATP
Electron Transport Chain
