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physical agents > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

substances that tend to draw electrons towards themselves; more positive

A

conductors

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2
Q

examples of conductors

A

metals, nerves, water, and muscles

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3
Q

don’t conduct electricity well; resist the flow of electricity

A

insulators

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4
Q

examples of insulators

A

skin, bone, fat, tendon

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5
Q

what nerve means i feel it

A

a beta sensory

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6
Q

what nerve means i see it

A

a alpha motor nerves

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7
Q

what nerve means it hurts

A

a delta followed by c fibers

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8
Q

Contraindications for EStim

A
  1. to trunk when there is a pacemaker, or implanted device
  2. over anterior neck
  3. thrombophlebitis
  4. over trunk, lowback, or plevis when pregnant
  5. over tumors or cancer
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9
Q

precautions for EStim

A
  1. unstable heart
  2. recent heart attack
  3. decreased sensation
  4. impaired cognition
  5. fragile skin like acne
  6. very obese pts
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10
Q

how long is a treatment time for e stim usually

A

20-30 minutes

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11
Q

How far apart should you keep electrodes apart

A

at least 1 inch

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12
Q

current that flows in multiple directions

A

AC current

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13
Q

what type of current is mostly used in PT

A

AC current

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14
Q

current that flows in one continuous direction

A

DC current

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15
Q

current that has an anode and cathode

A

DC current

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16
Q

What is the polarity of an anode

A

+

17
Q

What is the polarity of an cathode

A

-

18
Q

do the electrons flow towards the anode or cathode

A

anode

19
Q

the pressure or force that the current creates when electricity flows

A

voltage

20
Q

resistance being increased causes what affect

A

makes it more painful

21
Q

things that increase resistance

A
  1. electrode being too small
  2. hair
  3. dry skin
  4. old or poor electrode
  5. placed on bone, connective tissue, or fat
22
Q

which is more comfortable, pulsed current or continuous

A

pulsed

23
Q

when the electron moves through the body in a longer path because it is easier

A

path of least resistance

24
Q

pps, rate, pulses per second, or Hz all refer to what

A

pulse frequency

25
Q

frequency that the PTA can change

A

pulse frequency, or parameter frequency

26
Q

frequency that the manufacture sets; can’t be changed by the PTA

A

carrier frequency

27
Q

Low frequency currents = how many Hz

A

1000 or less

28
Q

what types of estim use low frequency

A

pulsed monophasic, biphasic including TENS

29
Q

medium frequency currents = how many Hz

A

1000 to 100,000

30
Q

what types of estim use medium currents

A

interference (5000) and Russian (2500)

31
Q

high frequency currents = how many Hz

A

100,000 and higher

32
Q

what types of estim use high frequency currents

A

diathermies

physical agents (4 decks)

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