Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

physical agents > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how many cm does superficial heat go to

A

1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how any cm does deep heat go to

A

3-5cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what degree does tissue have to reach to get therapeutic treatment

A

over 104

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a material specific value for rate at which heat will move from one object to another

A

thermal conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

usually expressed as “rate”- the transfer of heat energy from one material to the next

A

heat transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transfer of heat by direct contact

A

conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

examples of conduction

A

moist heat packs, cold packs, paraffin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

There is direct contact between heating/cooling agent and skin BUT the agent circulates

A

convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Occurs when energy changes forms

A

conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

examples of convection

A

whirlpool, fluidotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

examples of conversion

A

Ultrasound, mechanical sound energy is converted to heat energy
Diathermy, electromagnetic energy is changed to heat energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transfer of heat without direct contact

A

radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what temperature are hot packs stored in

A

175

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

paraffin mineral oil is what ratio

A

7:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

physiological effects of heat

A

1.Increase metabolic rate: (increase O2 uptake by tissues which promotes healing, increase phagocytosis, increased enzyme activity-healing is accelerated.
2.Vascular-Increase vasodilation (due to both vessel smooth muscle relaxation and spinal cord reflexes)
3. Heat large areas (HPs over large body parts or heating via being submerged can have cardiac and respiratory effects!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

effects of heat on the body

A
  1. Increase Blood Flow/Vasodilation
  2. Increase Tissue Pliability-Connective Tissue Effect-Increase elasticity/extensibility of superficial.
  3. Decreased muscle guarding/relaxation.
  4. Decrease pain
  5. Increase sedative effect /relaxation
17
Q

indications for heat

A
  1. Pain
  2. Muscle spasm/guarding-for relaxation of guarded tissues
  3. Decreased ROM/stiffness-use during or just prior to stretching
  4. Healing tissue in chronic/ maturation phase
  5. Stiffness if applied with stretching or mobility exercise
18
Q

contras for hot pack

A
  1. Over joints of patients with potential for hemorrhage, bleeding or over bruise.
  2. Over areas of suspected blood clots
  3. Impaired skin sensation or cognitive mentation.
  4. Active malignancies /cancer in areas.
  5. Pregnancy if application over LB, hip or abdomen
  6. Heat should NOT be applied over areas where there are ulcers or skin abnormalities due to peripheral vascular disease
  7. Heat should NOT be applied if there is evidence of acute inflammation such as increased temperature, redness, edema
19
Q

precautions for hot packs

A
  1. Pregnancy-heat is appropriate to apply to limbs but NOT to abdomen, back, hips or pelvis.
  2. In individuals who have poor temperature regulation
20
Q

adverse effects of heat

A
  1. Increased Vasodilation results in fluid
    movement from vessels to interstitial
    spaces, so edema which will worsen in
    acute conditions
  2. Systemic responses (cardiac and respiratory)
    may result from heat applied to large areas
    esp (such as submersion in water bath)in
    persons in fragile health (very young and
    very old)
  3. skin reddening
  4. burns
21
Q

effects of cold pack

A
  1. Pain reduction
  2. Decreased muscle spasm/guarding
  3. Decreases blood flow /vasoconstriction
  4. Decreased inflammation
  5. decreased edema
22
Q

indications for cold pack

A
  1. To reduce acute edema and inflammation
  2. To reduce pain
  3. to decrease muscle spasm/guarding
  4. Commonly done in PT for reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
  5. Spasticity control
23
Q

what does PRICE stand for

A

Protection, rest, ice,
compression and elevation

24
Q

stages of cold

A
  1. intense cold
  2. burning
  3. aching
  4. analgesia
25
Q

contraindications for cold pack

A
  1. Cold sensitivity problems such as Urticaria
  2. Intolerance to cold
  3. Cryoglobulinemia
  4. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
  5. Raynaud’s phenomenon
  6. Over regenerating peripheral nerve.
  7. Over areas where the vascular system is compromised
    (arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency, thrombophlebitis
  8. Impaired circulation generally reduces blood flow.
26
Q

precautions for cold pack

A
  1. Over superficial branch of nerve
  2. Open skin wounds.
  3. Over areas of poor sensation.
  4. Severe hypertension that is not well controlled with medication.
  5. In very young, very old or patients with thyroid
    disease.
27
Q

what are the cardinal signs

A
  1. Heat/color
  2. Redness/rubor
  3. Swelling/tumor
  4. Pain/dolor
    5.Loss of function

physical agents (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions