Exam 3 Flashcards
Max rate of administration for potassium
10 meq/hr
How does a nebulizer work? How much of a dose does it deliver compared to inhalers?
Delivers steady stream of aerosolized medication but takes longer to deliver same amount as 1 MDI puff (average 15 min)
Write out how you would instruct a patient to use a metered dose inhaler. What does a spacer do for the patient using an inhaler?
A spacer allows for easier breathing of the medication, it reduces waste compared to directly in the mouth. Instruct the patient puffs should be 2 min apart.
How would you teach someone to use a DPI?
Instruct the patient they must use deep and forceful inhalation. Rinse mouth after use.
When is epinephrine a first line drug for the respiratory system? What route is epi give in this instance and why?
In the event of severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis. Must be given IV or IM first to open the airways otherwise the nebulizer medications (beta 2 agonist) cannot reach the lung tissue
Short acting/rescue
Beta 2 selective
-Albuterol
MDI, nebs
-Levalbuterol
MDI or nebulizer
Memory hint “the Terol family”
Long acting
Beta 2 selective
-salmeterol
-formeterol
-arfometerol
Memory hint: long acting end in “meterol” think M for maintenance
Black box warning for LAB 2 Agonist
Lab 2 agonist are not for acute asthma= death
Glucocorticoid Steroids
Anti-inflammatory
Increases blood glucose
Needs to be tapered off to avoid adrenal insufficiency
Must rinse mouth to avoid thrush
Drugs: “one” “cort” “sonide”
Alpha and beta agonist
Epi is primary drug
Tachycardia is ADR
Indirectly causes airway relaxation
Xanthines
Respiratory effect of smooth muscle=bronchodilation
ADR: Tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, anorexia
Drugs:
AMINOPHYLLINE: IV ONLY, SHOULD NOT EXCEED 25 MG/MIN
THEOPHYLLINE: ORAL
THERAPEUTIC LEVEL: 10-20 MCG/ML
Anticholinergic medications
INDIRECTLY causes airway relaxation and dilation and decreases secretions by blocking acetylcholine
Drugs:
ipatropium: nebulizer
tiotropium: DPI longer activity
H1 blockers/antihistamines
Centrally acting(sedating):
Brompheniramine
Clemastine
Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine (RX)
Peripherally acting (nonsedating):
Loratadine
Cetirizine
Azelastine
Mucolytics
Dissolves mucus by breaking bonds in mucoprotein molecules. Given via nebulizer or breathing treatment to patient with thick mucus that is difficult to expectorate
Drugs: Guafenesin major ingredient in many OTC cough meds. Mucinex is the only single ingredient
Cough suppressants
Either act locally to soothe irritated tissues that serve as stimulus for cough or act centrally to suppress cough center in the brain
Drugs: dextromethorphan, benzonatate, codeine
