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Pharmacology Summer Term > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

List common examples of NSAID medications used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain

A

Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, keterolac, Mobic

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2
Q

What organ are NSAIDS potentially toxic to if the max daily dose or chronic habitual use of the medication occurs

A

Kidney

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3
Q

What is the max daily allowance of ibuprofen in mg for an adult patient

A

2400 MG

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4
Q

What is the primary advantage of using a selective cox-2 like celecoxib (celebrex) for chronic pain management? What is the specific ADR risk?

A

Advantage- less GI problems
Specific ADR- risk for thromboembolism (MI, Stroke)

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5
Q

Is acetaminophen an NSAID

A

NO

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6
Q

What is the max amount of acetaminophen daily in mg for an adult patient

A

4000 MG

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7
Q

What organ is acetaminophen potentially toxic to if the max daily dose or chronic habitual use of the medication occurs

A

Liver

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8
Q

What is the antidote to an overdose of acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine

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9
Q

What is gout

A

Metabolic disorder of purine metabolism

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10
Q

What vitamin is especially helpful in the treatment or prevention of gout

A

Vitamin C 1,000 mg daily

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11
Q

What are the 3 main medications used in the treatment of gout

A

Colchicine- DOC in acute episode, adverse GI effects with higher doses (diarrhea)

Probenecid (2nd line)- lowers uric acid level

Allopurinol- lowers formation of uric acid by inhibiting conversion of xanthine to uric acid

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12
Q

In the treatment of gout what class of medications does allopurinol belong to

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors

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13
Q

What class of medications is the first line choice for migraine headaches

A

Triptan family (sumatriptan)

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14
Q

What medications can decrease inflammation around the facial nerve associated with Bell’s palsy

A

Steroids

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15
Q

What is the primary medication used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease

A

Levodopa/carbidopa

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16
Q

What anticholinergic medication is used in Parkinson’s disease to help reduce the extra movements, tremors, improve muscle control etc

A

Benztropine

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17
Q

What neuromuscular blocking agent is associated with malignant hyperthermia

A

Succinylcholine

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18
Q

What is the family name of neuromuscular blocking agents (paralytics)

A

Uronium family (vecuronium etc)

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19
Q

What is the most important safety assessment needed for a child or adolescent taking the non stimulant ADHD drug atomoxetine

A

Suicidal ideations

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20
Q

What is the medication given to neonates to reduce apneic spells

A

Xanthine

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21
Q

What is a side effect of stimulant medications used in the treatment of ADHD that might necessitate a med holiday

A

Weight loss, growth abnormalities

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22
Q

What is drug of choice for epilepsy

A

Phenytoin

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23
Q

What is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

24
Q

What is an example of a commonly prescribed muscle relaxer

A

Cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol

25
Q

Are there any special considerations or risks associated with the medication tramadol

A

Serotonin syndrome when combined with SSRI
Contraindications- severe renal or hepatic dysfunction

26
Q

What is the antidote to an overdose of opiates

A

Naloxone

27
Q

What are medications used in the treatment of sleep

A

Ambien (ZOLPIDEM)
Lunesta (ESZOPICLONE)

28
Q

Antidote for overdose of benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

29
Q

What are important things to know about the medication phenytoin

A

PO is safest route
Therapeutic level is 10-20 mcg/ml
Not for IM use
DOC for chronic seizures
Should not exceed 50 mg/min, incompatible with dextrose
Patients need to rinse mouth after oral use

30
Q

What is drug of choice for status epilepticus

A

Benzodiazepines

31
Q

What is a potentially serious adverse drug reaction to several antiepileptic medications

A

Steven Johnson syndrome

32
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of that adverse drug reaction

A

Painful rash
Flu like symptoms

33
Q

What is the drug of choice or class of choice for the treatment of migraine headaches

A

The triptan family. DOC- sumatriptan
Avoid nicotine with Triptans

34
Q

What are some prophylactic treatments for migraine headaches

A

Beta blockers, estrogen therapy, TCA

35
Q

How do you know if the treatment for migraines is working?

A

Less reported migraines

36
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease? What neurotransmitter is deficient?

A

CNS dopamine neuron degeneration in mid brain
Dopamine is deficient
Acetylcholine is excessive

37
Q

What anti seizure med is used for neuropathic pain

A

Gabapentin

38
Q

What is the drug of choice for Parkinson’s disease? Why is it a combo treatment?

A

Levidopa/carbidopa
Carbidopa keeps liver from breaking down levidopa too quickly

39
Q

What drug to drug or drug to food/vitamin interactions do you have to be concerned about with carbidopa/levidopa

A

Vitamin B6
High protein foods

40
Q

What medication or class of medication would be potentially beneficial to a patient with physical manifestations of Parkinson’s like pill rolling, shuffling gait, or tremors

A

Benztropine (it is anticholinergic)

41
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

What needs to be increased in Alzheimer’s patients and how can we do that

A

Increase acetylcholine
Use cholinesterase inhibitor DONAZEPIL

43
Q

What is second line medication used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

A

MDMA (mementine)

44
Q

What are the three terms or classes of medications that describe the word sympathomimetic

A

Adrenergic
Alpha agonists
Beta agonists

45
Q

What are five terms or classes of medications that describe the word sympatholytic

A

Anti adrenergic
Alpha agonist
Beta antagonist
Alpha blockers
Beta blockers

46
Q

List uses for adrenergic medications

A

Stimulate HR
Contractility
Conduction
Bronchodilate in the lungs
Adrenergic=adrenaline

47
Q

What are examples of direct catecholamines and what are some uses for these medications

A

Epinephrine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine

48
Q

What are common side effects of medications that are agonist of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Orthostatic hypotention
Tachycardia

49
Q

List common uses for cholinergic medications

A

Reverse muscle relaxants in OR
Diagnose and treat MG

50
Q

What is the medication used in the diagnosis of MG

A

Edrophonium
Tensilon test

51
Q

What is the antidote for a cholinergic crisis

A

Atropine (an anticholinergic)

52
Q

What are the common side effects of cholinergic medications or substances

A

Sludgem + Brady

53
Q

What are the common side effects of anticholinergic medications

A

Dry mouth
Tachycardia
Decreased GI and GU function

54
Q

What medications are inhaled or general anesthesia

A

Benzodiazepines, opiates, barbiturates, propofol, ane drugs, nitrous oxide

55
Q

What medications are considered local anesthesia

A

Caines family

56
Q

What medications are used for conscious sedation

A

Ketamine, benzodiazepines

57
Q

Define malignant hyperthermia and list the treatment recommended

A

Uncommon, but potentially fatal adverse reaction
Treatment is DANTROLENE

Pharmacology Summer Term (4 decks)

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