Exam 1

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

Study of what the body does to the drug (metabolism and excretion)

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

Study of what the drug does to the body

Question 3

Pharmaceutics

Answer 3

Study of how dosage forms affect the body

Question 4

Half life (t1/2)

Answer 4

Time required for one-half (50%) of medication to be removed from the body

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

Goes to the exact spot we want and there is a response

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Goes to the spot we want and there is no response but it makes it so another agonist cannot bind there

Question 7

Drug action

Answer 7

The processes involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells

Question 8

Onset of action

Answer 8

How fast a medication starts to work

Question 9

Peak action

Answer 9

The maximum therapeutic affect

Question 10

Duration of action

Answer 10

Total amount of time it can give the intended therapeutic response or action without having to repeat the dose

Question 11

Therapeutic effect

Answer 11

Intended/desired effect of a medication

Question 12

Side effect or adverse affect

Answer 12

Unexpected and undesirable reaction that happened at what should have been a therapeutic dose

Question 13

Allergic reaction

Answer 13

Immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication

Question 14

Drug interaction

Answer 14

Increase or decrease in the effect of the medication caused by one or both of the meds

Question 15

Trough level

Answer 15

The lowest blood level of the medication

Question 16

Additive effect

Answer 16

Two meds with a similar action can “double up” or make the effect more pronounced

Question 17

Teratogenic

Answer 17

A drug that can cause or raise the risk for a birth defect in a baby

Question 18

Compliance

Answer 18

Implementation or fulfillment of a prescribers/caregivers prescribed course of treatment

Question 19

Noncompliance

Answer 19

Informed decision on the part of the patient not to adhere to or follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion

Question 20

Dependence

Answer 20

When removing the medication from the system causes either a physiologic or psychologic withdrawal

Question 21

Tolerance

Answer 21

When you have less of an effect over time to the same amount of the medication

Question 22

Steady state

Answer 22

When the amount removed/eliminated is equal to the amount absorbed

Question 23

Enteral route

Answer 23

Tablets, capsules, liquids, lozenges, anything that goes in the mouth and starts to break down

Question 24

Parenteral route

Answer 24

Anything injectable

Question 25

Topical route

Answer 25

Anything that touches the skin, anything inhaled and suppositories as well as eye and ear preparations

Question 26

Which organ helps metabolize the majority of medications

Answer 26

Liver

Question 27

Which organ helps filter and excrete the majority of medications

Answer 27

Kidney

Question 28

What routine blood tests help to evaluate kidney function

Answer 28

GFR, Bun/creatinine, CrCl

Question 29

What blood tests help to evaluate liver function

Answer 29

ALT,AST

Question 30

Food and drug administration

Answer 30

Protect the public by ensuring the safety and efficacy of medications and medical devices

Question 31

Fair trade commission

Answer 31

Responsible for “truth in advertising”

Question 32

Drug enforcement agency

Answer 32

Along with state laws, investigate and enforce controlled substances legislation

Question 33

Department of health and human services

Answer 33

Cabinet level position that deals with anything health/illness related

Question 34

What makes a medication safe as an OTC without a prescription

Answer 34

Drug should have limited interactions, low incidence of adverse effects, low abuse potential

Question 35

Cognitive learning

Answer 35

Think knowledge, learning and storage of basic information

Question 36

Affective learning

Answer 36

Think behavior. This encompasses feelings, thoughts, needs, values and opinions

Question 37

Psychomotor learning

Answer 37

Think skill. How you actually do something

Question 38

Prophylactic treatment

Answer 38

Based on prevention, the person is healthy

Question 39

Empiric treatment

Answer 39

Based on most likely culprit (probability) used when someone is already showing signs of illness

Question 40

Definitive treatment

Answer 40

Based on the actual culprit. Culture and sensitivity results

Question 41

Common cross sensitivities

Answer 41

Cephalosporins and sulfa drugs

Question 42

If someone has an allergy to both PCN and sulfa, what antibiotic class would be safe for that patient

Answer 42

Macrolides and tetracycline

Question 43

Tetracycline special considerations

Answer 43

Don’t give to children or during pregnancy. Will cause permanent discoloration to teeth

Question 44

Vancomycin special considerations

Answer 44

May cause redmans syndrome (red rash on trunk and chest, drop in BP, fever, chills) Stop the infusion immediately Trough level must be 15-20 mcg/ml

Question 45

Fluoroquinolones special considerations

Answer 45

Caution in children due to bones , seizures

Question 46

What class of antibiotics require a peak and trough? What is the timing of collecting these specimens?

Answer 46

Glycopeptide (vancomycin), aminoglycosides Peak is collected 30 min after the med is done infusing Trough is collected 30 min prior to next dose

Question 47

Which medications are especially ototoxic to patients

Answer 47

Aminoglycosides- most “mycins” (Streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin)

Question 48

If a medication is ototoxic, what other organ should the nurse monitor for a patient receiving the medication? how could they monitor that organ?

Answer 48

Kidney Bun and creatinine, GFR, CrCl

Question 49

What is an atypical microorganism?

Answer 49

Chlamydia - treat with doxycycline Mycoplasma- treat with azithromycin Legionella

Question 50

What medications are most effective against atypical microorganisms

Answer 50

Macrolides (erythromycin,azithromycin) Tetracycline

Question 51

What is the drug of choice for a patient who has been exposed to anthrax

Answer 51

Ciprofloxacin

Question 52

Drug to drug interactions with antibiotics

Answer 52

Oral contraceptives- rendered ineffective Warfarin- raises INR

Question 53

What medications are used for TB and what are drug to drug interactions

Answer 53

Isoniazid/INH- give B6 to prevent neurotoxicity Rifampin- reddish Orange discoloration of body fluids

Question 54

What is candida and what is the drug of choice for women

Answer 54

Candida is yeast Drug of choice is miconazole

Question 55

What is drug of choice for a thrush infection

Answer 55

Oral nystatin

Question 56

Drug to drug interaction for anti fungal medication (azoles)

Answer 56

Macrolides= QT problems

Question 57

What is HAART

Answer 57

Highly active anti retroviral therapy for HIV Retroviruses must convert their RNA Into DNA to replicate; meds are given to interfere with this process

Question 58

What are options to prevent HIV infection before or after exposure

Answer 58

Prep and pep Pep must be started 72 hours after exposure

Question 59

What is the current anti viral treatment of hepatitis C and how long does this therapy take

Answer 59

Ledispavir/sofosbuvir Considered effective in 3 months

Question 60

Anti viral treatment options for a herpes infection

Answer 60

Facial lesions- acyclovir Genital lesions- valacyclovir Either type- famciclovir

Question 61

What are some important anti infective and what are they used to treat or prevent specifically

Answer 61

Bacitracin- staph (Mrsa) Mupirocin- staph (mrsa)

Question 62

What are some common anti fungal medications used to treat tinea infections

Answer 62

Clotrimazole (end in azole)

Question 63

What is the treatment for malaria

Answer 63

Atovaquone/proguanil (malarone) drug of choice for both treatment and prevention good for last minute travelers because drug is started 1-2 days before traveling