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Plant bio > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The sporophyte generation of a plant

A

all of the above

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2
Q

If the environment is favorable and a seed doesn’t germinate it is likely

A

dormant

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3
Q

A plant that is well-adapted to its stable environment may find _______________ to its advantage.

A

apomixis

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4
Q

When a seed or plant requires a period of winter-like conditions in order to germinate / flower later…

A

vernalization

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5
Q

Which parts of a seed are haploid?

A

gametophyte

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6
Q

Mosses

A

do not have true leaves

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7
Q

Which of the following is NOT a difference between gymnosperms and pteridophytes?

A

gymnosperms have a branched vascular system and pteridophytes do not

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8
Q

What is a major difference between lycophytes and ferns?

A

leaf size

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9
Q

Why do lycophytes need to live in wet environments?

A

their sperm need to move through the water

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason why seedless plants have to live in wet environments?

A

their spores have to travel through water

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11
Q

Which plant groups produce spores?

A

all of the above

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12
Q

How are bryophytes different from pteridophytes?

A

bryophytes lack xylem and phloem

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13
Q

Which of the following is not a seedless plant?

A

ginkgo

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14
Q

Which of the following would be the oldest plants on earth?

A

bryophytes

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15
Q

Which of the following is NOT a bryophyte?

A

club moss

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16
Q

delete

A

delete

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a gymnosperm?

A

maples

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18
Q

How does seed dispersal benefit a plant?

A

eliminates competition between the parent plant and its grandbabies

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19
Q

What ecological advantages do seeds have over spores?

A

water not required for fertilization, storage of food, mostly diploid tissues

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20
Q

How are conifers different than cycads?

A

all of the above

21
Q

*How are cycads different than ferns? How are conifers different than cycads? How are gnetophytes different than conifers

A

Cycads produce cones (of different sex) that create seeds while ferns reproduce through spores. Cycads have a flagellated sperm while conifers sperm are non-mobile. Gnetophytes have double fertilization.

22
Q

Double fertilization produces

A

an embryo and endosperm

23
Q

This is a pollen grain. What can you tell me about the plant it came from?

A

The plant was a monocot

24
Q

How are flowering plants different than all other plant lineages?

A

double fertilization creates endosperm to nourish their embryo

25
Q

Which of the following would be a good example of a monocot?

A

plant with scattered vascular bundles in its stem

26
Q

Conifer reproduction…

By the summer of year two (2), what is fully developed?

A

male and female gametophytes (of a pollinated ovule)

27
Q

An integument-protected megasporangia with developing gametophyte is…

A

an ovule

28
Q

Conifers put their seeds in cones which are a type of fruit.

A

false

29
Q

*Define the following terms: haploid, diploid, spore, gamete, zygote, sporophyte, gametophyte, meiosis

A

haploid : solitary chromosomes

Diploid : paired chromosomes

spore : haploid cell that develops w/out fertilization

gamete : haploid cell (fuse with another gamete to develop)

zygote : two gametes come together

sporophyte : diploid organism

gametophyte : haploid

meiosis : process of a cell dividing

30
Q

Choose the answer which has the two words that would best complete the following sentence.

The ovule will develop into a ______ while the ovary will develop into a ______ .

A

seed, fruit

31
Q

Eudicots

A

exclude a few groups that are not as closely related as eudicots are to monocots

32
Q

Which pair of words best completes the following sentence?

“In double fertilization, one sperm fuses with a/an to form an embryo while another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the .

A

egg cell, endosperm

33
Q

Conifers produce flagellate sperm

A

false

34
Q

Name three ways gymnosperms differ from bryophytes.

A

gymnosperms are vascular, their gametophyte is enclosed within an integument connected to the sporophyte, and they don’t require a wet environment for fertilization

35
Q

*How does moss act to regulate climate? Describe the influence of peatlands on climate.

A

Moss (peat) molds carbon within itself, it can slow its growth if carbon levels are low (warm up) but can also increase growth if carbon levels are high (cooling). Peatlands cover 3% of land and store 30% of soil carbon, if peatlands were gone climate change would be far out of control.

36
Q

What are the parts of a stamen?

A

anther and filament

37
Q

Why does the hypocotyl emerge from the soil bent in a hook?

A

to protect the apical meristem

38
Q

*Where is the stem of a fern located? What are sporangia? Where are they located on a fern? What is the difference between a homosporus fern and a heterosporous fern?

A

The stem is located underground. The sporangia store spores and are located on the under side of the leaves. Heterosporous ferns create two types of spores (egg-producing and sperm-producing gametophytes) while homosporus ferns create only one type of spore.

39
Q

The perianth includes the

A

A & B

40
Q

List three adaptations conifers have for life in cold environments.

A

flexible branches, waxy cuticle, tracheids with pits that can seal

41
Q

What terms correctly describe the fruit of an apple?

A

accessory fruit, pome

42
Q

Which of the following best describes an ovary?

A

can transform in to something that can help with the dispersal of seeds

43
Q

The ovary, stigma, and style form the

A

pistil

44
Q

A dioecious plant

A

requires that you plant both a male and a female plant to produce fruit

45
Q

Who am I? I was formed in an ovule when a sperm fused with two cells that had been produced in the ovule.

A

endosperm

46
Q

Which of the following would be a good example of a dicot?

A

plant with branched venation

47
Q

*When does embryo development stop? How is dormancy adaptive?

A

The development of an embryo stops when the seed is ready and thus detaches from the momma/grandmother plant. This detachment causes the seed to dry to <15% water, making the enzymes lose activity and stop growth. This is dormancy and is extremely beneficial to the plant since not all the seeds will germinate thus creating better chances against one “wipe-out” event.

48
Q

*Distinguish between the leaf, stem, flower, pollen, and seed features of the two largest groups of flowering plants—monocots and eudicots. How is each different in the two groups?

A

leaf –> monocot leaves have parallel veins while dicot leaves have branching veins.

stem –> monocot stems have vascular bundles are scattered while dicot stems are arranged into rings.

flower : m–> number of petals divisible by three, d–> petals multiples of 4 or 5

pollen –> monocot pollen have a single pore while dicot pollen can have three pores.

seed –> monocot seeds have only one leaf inside while dicot seeds have two.

49
Q

Which of the following would be a good example of a monocot?

A

plant with parallel venation

Plant bio (3 decks)

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