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Plant bio > exam 2 study > Flashcards

exam 2 study Flashcards

1
Q

Mesophyll tissue in leaves is…

A

All of the above

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary meristem?

A

vascular cambium

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3
Q

What is unique about sieve elements?

A

they lack a nucleus

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4
Q

Xylem tissue persists for the life of the tree while phloem tissue is regularly crushed after a couple of years.

A

true

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5
Q
  • How is xylem different than phloem? Describe at least three differences.
A

Xylem is dead, grows inside the cell, and stays with the plant for its entire life time while phloem is crushed after a while.

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6
Q
  • Describe the function of the following specialized tissues: xylem, phloem, vascular tissue, dermal tissue, ground tissues, apical meristem, secondary meristems
A

xylem : vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals

phloem : vascular tissue that conducts organic molecules

vascular tissue : are how the plant conducts water and nutrients through the plant

dermal tissue : forms epidermis which protects plant cells

ground tissue : every tissue that isn’t dermal/vascular tissue and is used for storage and physical support

apical meristem : shoots and roots

secondary meristem : thickness –> bark

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7
Q

Xylem moves water and dissolved mineral nutrients from a source to a sink using positive pressure.

A

false

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8
Q

What is the most correct way to describe how dissolved sugars move through the phloem?

A

source to sink

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9
Q

Positive pressure in phloem is created when companion cells actively load what in to sieve tube members?

A

sucrose

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10
Q

secondary phloem

A
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10
Q

Xylem is different than phloem because

A

xylem is reinforced by decay-resistant lignin

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the main plant organs?

A

flowers

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12
Q

Primary meristems

A

are located at the tipes (apices) of stems, branches and roots

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13
Q

delete

A

delete

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14
Q
  • Describe the following specialized cells: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, secretory cells, trichomes
A

parenchyma : useful generic plant cell

collenchyma : adds structure to the plant

sclerenchyma : hard tissue that’s used to protect seeds

secretory cells : produces protective secondary compounds

trichomes : spiky hairs that protect from transpiration, herbivory, uv radiation, excessive light, extreme air temps, and attacks.

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15
Q

Negative pressure in xylem is created by

A

transpiration

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16
Q

delete

A

delete

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17
Q

In a dicot stem, the xylem will always be

A

located towards the inside of the stem

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18
Q

Who am I? I am cuboidal in shape, located inside leaves, loosely arranged to allow for diffusion of gases around me, and full of chlorophyll.

A

spongy parenchyma

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19
Q

Which of the following is the width of a tree ring NOT correlated with?

A

tannin

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20
Q
  • How is a primary meristem different from a secondary meristem? What tissues are created by secondary meristems and which plants have secondary meristems?
A

Secondary meristems produce vascular tissues (secondary xylem and phloem) and are used to grow bark in trees.

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21
Q

The transport of organic molecules through phloem is made possible by

A

the pressure created by water following an osmotic gradient

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22
Q

Which of the following is not part of the periderm?

A

phloem

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23
Q

Parenchyma

A

are able to divide and create more cells

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24
Q

Select the correct hierarchy

A

cell > tissue > organ > organ system > organism

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25
Q

Vascular bundles

A

include both xylem and phloem

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25
Q

delete

A

delete

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26
Q

delete

A

delete

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27
Q

delete

A

delete

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28
Q
  • Describe the process that allows bamboo to grow incredibly fast.
A

Using water to expand their cells.

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29
Q

What organ is responsible for absorbing water and mineral nutrients for the plant?

A

root

30
Q

Denitrification

A

occurs in water-logged (anoxic) soils

31
Q

Why do Rhizobium want to be in a symbiotic relationship with legumes?

A

they get food

32
Q

Wha am I? I block “stuff” from moving between the cells of the endodermis.

A

suberin

33
Q

The vascular tissue of the root is protected by the

A

A and C (casparian strip and endodermis)

34
Q

Root hairs

A

arise from epidermal cells

35
Q

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the root cap?

A

reproduction

36
Q

What do Rhizobium do for legumes that is so beneficial?

A

convert nitrogen gas to ammonium

37
Q

Which of the following is true of grasses?

A

they have fibrous roots

38
Q

delete

A

delete

39
Q

Mychorrizal fungi can accurately be described as an extension of a plant’s root system.

A

True

40
Q

Thew answer is mucigel. What is the question?

A

What is a slimy polysaccharide produced by roots?

41
Q

Molybdenum is an essential nutrient for plants

A

True

42
Q

Fibrous roots

A

arise from the stem

43
Q

What originates from the pericycle?

A

branch roots

44
Q

Which of the following cell types would NOT be found in a root?

A

palisade parenchyma

45
Q

Most of the world’s N is stored in the atmosphere in the form of N2

A

True

46
Q

The 17 elements that all plants require in order to grow and develop normally are known as:

A

essential elements

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT a way in which nitrogen gas can be converted to a form that plants can use?

A

mychorrizae in the soil

48
Q

Root cells produce secondary compounds

A

true

49
Q

What component of soil accounts for the dark color seen in soil that is considered desirable for growing plants?

A

organic matter

50
Q

Mychorrizal fungi can accurately be described as pathogens.

A

false

51
Q

How can fungi help humans avoid a phosphorus shortage?

A

Fungal mycelium associate with the roots of crops, increase the surface area for phosphorus absorpotion, and release phosphorus bound in the soils.

52
Q

What type of cells are adjacent to the lower epidermis of a leaf?

A

spongy parenchyma

53
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of carnivorous plants?

A

they are unable to photosynthesize and need to eat insects for energy

54
Q

What are stomata built out of?

A

guard cells

55
Q

Why do guard cells take in K+?

A

to open the stoma

56
Q

Which of the following COULD be part of the epidermis?

A

prickles

57
Q

*How are the epidermis and mesophyll different in hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes?

A

Hydrophytes (aquatic) :
epidermis : may be photosynthetic, waxy cuticle –> thin/absent stomata on both leaf surfaces
mesophyll : lots of air space between
mesophytes (moist) :
epidermis : waxy cuticle –> protects leaf (stomata on underside of leaf) trichomes –> conserve water
mesophyll : tighter palisade layer on top and loose spongy layer beneath –> dicots
xerophytes (arid) :
epidermis : thick waxy cuticle –> reduce water loss –> trichomes to reduce transpiration
mesophyll : kranz anatomy for C4 pathway (wreath arranged)

58
Q

*Describe the function of trichomes.

A

The trichomes makes sure that the air next to the leaf isn’t moving too fast and with this it slows down evaporation.

59
Q

Which plant hormone is released to trigger a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) immune response?

A

Jasmonic acid

60
Q

__________________ control the breakdown of starch and proteins in seeds.

A

gibberellins

61
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with helping to protect plants from harmful viruses, bacteria, and/or fungi?

A

brassinosteroids

62
Q
  • What photosynthetic pathway is Kranz anatomy associated with? What environmental conditions favor this pathway?
A

It is associated with C4 plants and favors hot, dry environments.

63
Q

Which plant hormone is kept low in fruit storage warehouses to avoid ripening?

A

ethylene

64
Q

Kranz anatomy

A

Indicates that a plant uses the C4 metabolic pathway during photosynthesis

65
Q

Which is a modified leaf?

A

spine

66
Q

The herbicide 2,4-D is an ________________.

A

auxin

67
Q

_____________________ are produced by the plant, travel within the plant, effective in small doses, and affect growth and development.

A

Hormones

68
Q

What is the correct term for the sharp pokey things on rose stems?

A

prickles

69
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason that transpiration is so important to plants?

A

creates positive pressure in the xylem

70
Q
  • What functions does the mesophyll serve and what type of cells is it made up of?
A

The mesophyll is used in photosynthesis and is made up of parenchyma cells.

71
Q

Systemic acquired resistance is a defense response that leads to the release of__________________.

A

jasmonic acid

72
Q

In a temperate climate (like Vermont), what occurs during leaf senescence in broadleaf trees?

A
  1. carbohydrates in the leaf are returned to the plant stem
  2. chlorophyll breaks down
  3. protective anthocyanins are produced
73
Q

Deciduous leaves are dropped in the fall of the year to protect the tree from dessication.

A

true

74
Q
  • What occurs during senescence of broadleaf trees in a temperate climate? Why do we see the colors yellow, orange and red in leaves during this time? (Be specific!)
A

During senescence, the tree is taking back substances from the leaves and sending them to the stem by breaking down chlorophyll which makes the beautiful colors appear during autumn.

Plant bio (3 decks)

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