Exam 3 Flashcards
catacomb
underground cemetery consisting of tunnels on different levels, having niches for urns and sarcophagi and often incorporating rooms
narthex
vestibule or entrance porch of a church
the Eucharist
central rite of the Christian Church, reenacts Christ’s sacrifice on the cross and commemorated the Last Supper, consecrated bread and wine becomes the body and blood of Christ
the narrative image
a picture that recounts an event drawn from a story, either factual or biographical
the iconic image
picture that expresses or embodies an intangible concept or idea
ambulatory
the passage around the apse in a church, especially a basilica, or around the central space in a central-plan building
cruciform
of anything that is cross-shaped
apsidal chapels
a chapel opening from an apse, common feature of French Gothic Architecture
martyrium
church, chapel, or shrine built over the grave of a Christian martyr
conches
a half dome
half-domes
half a dome, cut vertically, used to cover a semicircular area
pendentive
concave triangular section of a vault that forms the transition between a square or polygonal space and the circular base of a dome
Justinian
emperor of Rome, under his rule Byzantine political power, wealth, and culture were at its peak, sponsored the construction of the Hagia Sophia
icon/iconoclasm
image representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine Church/banning and/or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art
illuminated books
manuscripts, used to recount religious scripture, decorated with gold and colors
chasing
ornamentation made on metal by incising or hammering the surface
scriptoria
room in a monastery for writing or copying manuscripts
Mozarabic
of an eclectic style practiced in Christian medieval Spain when much of the Iberian peninsula was ruled by Islamic dynasties
Charlemagne
established the Carolingian empire, was crowned emperor and rightful successor of Constantine, which strengthened the bonds between the papacy and secular government in the West
palace chapel
private chapel associated with a residence, especially of an emperor
westwork
the monumental, west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church, exterior consists of multiple stories between two towers, interior includes an entrance vestibule, a chapel, and a series of galleries overlooking the nave
cloister
a covered walk, especially in a monastery, with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle
Bishop Bernward
goldsmith who created and installed the bronze doors for the abbey church of St. Michael of Hildesheim which was the most ambitious bronze-casting project undertaken since antiquity
crusades
series of medieval military expeditions between Europeans and Muslims to gain control of the Holy Land
pilgrimage
journey to a sacred or significant place for religious, spiritual, or personal reasons
relic
object associated with a saint/martyr/holy figures
reliquary
container, often elaborate and made of precious materials, used as a repository for sacred relics
portal
opening in a wall of a building, gate, or fortification
tympanum
semicircular wall surface above the lintel of an arched doorway
trumeau
vertical post dividing a large doorway and supporting a lintel and tympanum
jamb
vertical components that form the sides of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace, or other opening in a wall
mandorla
light encircling, or emanating from, the entire figure of a sacred person
choir
part of a church reserved for the clergy, monks, or nuns, either between the transept crossing the apse or extending farther into the nave
St. Bernard of Clairvaux
led the Cistercian order in the 12th century, advocated strict mental and physical discipline and a life devoted to prayer and intellectual pursuits combined with shared manual labor, secluded themselves from the outside world
Abbot Suger
supervised the building of Abbey Church of Saint-Denis, where fully formed Gothic architectural style may have first appeared, adapted what he thought was St. Denis’ concept of divine luminosity in designing the new abbey church with walls composed of stained-glass windows
rib vaulting
diagonal and transverse ribs compose structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them
flying buttresses
an arched bridge above the aisle roof that extends from the upper nave wall, where the lateral thrust of the main vault is greatest, down to a solid pier
stained glass
glass stained with color while molten, using metallic oxides, most often used in windows, for which small pieces of different colors are precisely cut and assembled into a design
rose window
round window, often filled with stained glass set into tracery patterns in the form of wheel spokes, found in the facades of the naves and transepts of large Gothic churches
lancet
tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch, typically found in Gothic architecture
transept
the arm of a cruciform church perpendicular to the nave
triforium
element of the interior elevation of a church found directly below the clerestory and consisting of a series of arched openings in front of a passageway within the thickness of the wall
polychromy
multicolored decoration applied to any part of a building, sculpture, or piece of furniture
St. Francis of Assisi
son of wealthy merchant, founder of the Franciscans, religious order that espoused an ideal of poverty, charity, and love, and dedicated themselves to teaching and preaching while living among the urban poor
buon fresco
fresco painting technique in which alkaline-resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to wet plaster
panel painting
any painting executed on a wood support, usually planed to provide a smooth surface
