Exam 1

Question 1

relief sculpture

Answer 1

three-dimensional image whose flat background is carved away to a certain depth, setting off the image

Question 2

abstract

Answer 2

of art that does not attempt to describe the appearance of visible forms but rather to transform them into stylized patters or to alter them in conformity to ideals

Question 3

megalithic architecture

Answer 3

use of large stones in prehistoric architecture

Question 4

post-and-lintel construction

Answer 4

construction in which two uprights-the posts-support a horizontal element-the lintel

Question 5

henge

Answer 5

circle of stones or posts, often surrounded by a ditch with built-up embankments

Question 6

stele

Answer 6

stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscriptions or reliefs

Question 7

hierarchical scale

Answer 7

use of different sizes to indicate relative importance

Question 8

Naram-Sin

Answer 8

Akkadian ruler

Question 9

Hammurabi

Answer 9

king of Amorites that made Babylon the capital of early mesopotamia

Question 10

cuneiform

Answer 10

early form of writing with wedge-shaped marks impressed into wet clay with a stylus

Question 11

stylus

Answer 11

instrument with a pointed end used for writing in early mesopotamia

Question 12

votive figures

Answer 12

image created as a devotional offering to a deity

Question 13

Gudea

Answer 13

ruler of Lagash

Question 14

sarcophagus

Answer 14

stone coffin

Question 15

representational conventions

Answer 15

Egyptians followed a set of fairly strict conventions based on conceptual principles rather than on observation of the natural world

Question 16

sunken relief

Answer 16

three dimensional image whose image is carved below the original surface of the background

Question 17

heb sed

Answer 17

festival that renewed and reaffirmed a king’s divine power

Question 18

mastaba

Answer 18

flat-topped, one story structure with slanted walls built over an ancient egyptian underground tomb, most common tomb structures for upper class

Question 19

necropolis

Answer 19

large cemetery of burial area, “city of the dead”

Question 20

Imhotep

Answer 20

first architect in history to be identified, Djoser’s prime minister

Question 21

Pyramid construction

Answer 21

workers transported stone blocks by muscle, using small logs as rollers, or pouring water on mud to create a slippery surface to drag the blocks on sleds

Question 22

khafre

Answer 22

fourth dynasty king, best preserved funerary complex

Question 23

King Menkaure

Answer 23

fourth dynasty king

Question 24

Hatshepsut

Answer 24

one of few women that ruled Egypt, daughter of Thutmose I, married her half-brother, declared herself king once he died

Question 25

colonnade

Answer 25

row of columns, supporting a straight lintel or a series of arches

Question 26

Akhenaten

Answer 26

originally called Amenhotep IV, radically transformed the political, spiritual, and cultural life of Egypt

Question 27

Amarna style

Answer 27

reign of Akhenaten led to radical style in royal artistic conventions, used stylizations and physical distortions

Question 28

Nefertiti

Answer 28

wife of Akhenaten

Question 29

buon fresco

Answer 29

water based pigments applied to wet plaster

Question 30

Cyclades

Answer 30

Bronze Age cultures that flourished across the Aegean on a cluster of small islands

Question 31

faience

Answer 31

type of ceramic with colorful, opaque glazes that form a smooth, impermeable surface, first developed in Ancient Egypt

Question 32

rhytons

Answer 32

vessels in the shape of a figure or an animal, used for pouring or drinking liquids on special occasions

Question 33

megaron

Answer 33

main hall of a Mycenaean palace or grand house

Question 34

shaft graves

Answer 34

vertical pits 20-25 ft deep used for burial

Question 35

tholos

Answer 35

small, round bulding, sometimes built underground

Question 36

corbel-vaulted tomb

Answer 36

conical in shape like a beehive, covered in by earthen mound

Question 37

ziggurat

Answer 37

in ancient Mesopotamia, a tall stepped tower of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine

Question 38

memory image

Answer 38

mental image of something previously experienced