Exam 2 Flashcards
sanctuaries
sacred or holy enclosure used for worship, in ancient Greece and Rome consisted of one or more temples and an altar
black-figure technique
technique of Ancient Greek ceramic decoration in which black figures are painted on red clay ground
caryatids
sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature
pedestals
platform or base supporting a sculpture or other monument
entablature
horizontal elements above the columns and capitals, consists of an architrave, a frieze and a cornice
architrave
bottom element in entablature, beneath frieze and cornice
frieze
middle element of entablature, between architrave and cornice, usually decorated with sculpture, painting and moldings
pediment
triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical Greek porticos, windows, or doors
Doric order
column shaft of this order can be fluted or smooth-surfaced and has no base, capital consists of an undecorated echinus and abacus, entablature has a plain architrave, a frieze with metopes and triglyphs, and a simple cornice
Ionic order
column of this order has a base, fluted shaft, and capital decorated with volutes, entablature consists of three panels and moldings, a frieze usually containing sculptured relief ornament, and cornice with dentils
Corinthian order
most ornate, includes a base and fluted column shaft with a capital elaborately decorated with acanthus leaf carvings, entablature consists of architrave decorated with moldings, a frieze, often containing relief sculpture and a cornice with dentils
elevation
the arrangement, proportions, and details of any vertical side or face of a building
peristyle
building - surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade
entasis
the optical illusion of entasis makes the column appear from a distance to be straight
volute
spiral scroll-shaped ornament forming the chief feature of the Ionic capital
flute
vertical parallel grove on architectural column
capital
displays a figural composition and/or narrative scenes
kore
archaic Greek statue of a young woman
kouros
archaic Greek statue of a young man
peplos
garment worn like a shawl by women of Ancient Greece
contrapposto
classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation on either side of a central axis to give figures a sense of the potential for movement
acropolis
citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and housing temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace
the canon of Polykleitos
idealization of the human figure according to Polykleitos, included a system of ratios between a basic unit and the length of various body parts, guidelines for symmetry
Alexander the Great
Macedon who led a united Greece in a war of revenge and conquest against the Persians, Syria, Phoenicia, and Egypt
mosaic
image formed by arranging small colored stone or glass pieces and affixing them to a hard, stable surface
Julius Caesar
first roman leader to place his image on a coin, last leader of the roman republic, was assassinated
Augustus
great-nephew of Caesar, first Roman emperor, established efficient rule and laid the foundation for an extended period of stability, domestic peace, and economic prosperity, known as the Pax Romana
Vespasian
Flavian Roman emperor, began construction of Colosseum
Trajan
general born in Spain who commanded Roman troops in Germany, ruled from 98-117 CE, empire reached its greatest territorial expanse
Hadrian
successor of Trajan, ruled from 117-138 CE, consolidated the empire’s borders and imposed far-reaching social, governmental, and military reforms
Tuscan and composite orders
combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders; capital combines acanthus leaves with volute scrolls
acanthus leaf
stylized ornamental motif on Corinthian order
verism
style in which artists concern themselves with describing the exterior likeliness of an object or person, usually by rendering its visible details in a finely, executed, meticulous manner
engaged columns
attached to a wall
Roman arch
arch that displaces most of its weight, or downward thrust, along its curving sides, transmitting that weight to adjacent supporting uprights
buttressing
projecting structure for supportive or giving stability to a wall or building
keystone
holds the top of an arch
mausoleum
monumental building used as a tomb
forum
roman town center, site of temples and administrative buildings and used as a market or gathering place for citizens
still-life
type of painting that has as its subject inanimate objects and dishes
barrel vault
arched ceiling or roof of a building, constructed with a rounded arched ceiling that gives the appearance of a tunnel
groin vault
conjunction of two perpendicular vaults, constructed from barrel vaults or gothic arches
basilica
large rectangular building with an extensive interior space
nave
central space of a church, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles
apse
large semicircular or polygonal recess on an end wall of a building
rotunda
any building constructed in a circular shape
