Exam 2

Question 1

sanctuaries

Answer 1

sacred or holy enclosure used for worship, in ancient Greece and Rome consisted of one or more temples and an altar

Question 2

black-figure technique

Answer 2

technique of Ancient Greek ceramic decoration in which black figures are painted on red clay ground

Question 3

caryatids

Answer 3

sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting an entablature

Question 4

pedestals

Answer 4

platform or base supporting a sculpture or other monument

Question 5

entablature

Answer 5

horizontal elements above the columns and capitals, consists of an architrave, a frieze and a cornice

Question 6

architrave

Answer 6

bottom element in entablature, beneath frieze and cornice

Question 7

frieze

Answer 7

middle element of entablature, between architrave and cornice, usually decorated with sculpture, painting and moldings

Question 8

pediment

Answer 8

triangular gable found over major architectural elements such as classical Greek porticos, windows, or doors

Question 9

Doric order

Answer 9

column shaft of this order can be fluted or smooth-surfaced and has no base, capital consists of an undecorated echinus and abacus, entablature has a plain architrave, a frieze with metopes and triglyphs, and a simple cornice

Question 10

Ionic order

Answer 10

column of this order has a base, fluted shaft, and capital decorated with volutes, entablature consists of three panels and moldings, a frieze usually containing sculptured relief ornament, and cornice with dentils

Question 11

Corinthian order

Answer 11

most ornate, includes a base and fluted column shaft with a capital elaborately decorated with acanthus leaf carvings, entablature consists of architrave decorated with moldings, a frieze, often containing relief sculpture and a cornice with dentils

Question 12

elevation

Answer 12

the arrangement, proportions, and details of any vertical side or face of a building

Question 13

peristyle

Answer 13

building - surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade

Question 14

entasis

Answer 14

the optical illusion of entasis makes the column appear from a distance to be straight

Question 15

volute

Answer 15

spiral scroll-shaped ornament forming the chief feature of the Ionic capital

Question 16

flute

Answer 16

vertical parallel grove on architectural column

Question 17

capital

Answer 17

displays a figural composition and/or narrative scenes

Question 18

kore

Answer 18

archaic Greek statue of a young woman

Question 19

kouros

Answer 19

archaic Greek statue of a young man

Question 20

peplos

Answer 20

garment worn like a shawl by women of Ancient Greece

Question 21

contrapposto

Answer 21

classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alternations of tension and relaxation on either side of a central axis to give figures a sense of the potential for movement

Question 22

acropolis

Answer 22

citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and housing temples, a treasury, and sometimes a royal palace

Question 23

the canon of Polykleitos

Answer 23

idealization of the human figure according to Polykleitos, included a system of ratios between a basic unit and the length of various body parts, guidelines for symmetry

Question 24

Alexander the Great

Answer 24

Macedon who led a united Greece in a war of revenge and conquest against the Persians, Syria, Phoenicia, and Egypt

Question 25

mosaic

Answer 25

image formed by arranging small colored stone or glass pieces and affixing them to a hard, stable surface

Question 26

Julius Caesar

Answer 26

first roman leader to place his image on a coin, last leader of the roman republic, was assassinated

Question 27

Augustus

Answer 27

great-nephew of Caesar, first Roman emperor, established efficient rule and laid the foundation for an extended period of stability, domestic peace, and economic prosperity, known as the Pax Romana

Question 28

Vespasian

Answer 28

Flavian Roman emperor, began construction of Colosseum

Question 29

Trajan

Answer 29

general born in Spain who commanded Roman troops in Germany, ruled from 98-117 CE, empire reached its greatest territorial expanse

Question 30

Hadrian

Answer 30

successor of Trajan, ruled from 117-138 CE, consolidated the empire’s borders and imposed far-reaching social, governmental, and military reforms

Question 31

Tuscan and composite orders

Answer 31

combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders; capital combines acanthus leaves with volute scrolls

Question 32

acanthus leaf

Answer 32

stylized ornamental motif on Corinthian order

Question 33

verism

Answer 33

style in which artists concern themselves with describing the exterior likeliness of an object or person, usually by rendering its visible details in a finely, executed, meticulous manner

Question 34

engaged columns

Answer 34

attached to a wall

Question 35

Roman arch

Answer 35

arch that displaces most of its weight, or downward thrust, along its curving sides, transmitting that weight to adjacent supporting uprights

Question 36

buttressing

Answer 36

projecting structure for supportive or giving stability to a wall or building

Question 37

keystone

Answer 37

holds the top of an arch

Question 38

mausoleum

Answer 38

monumental building used as a tomb

Question 39

forum

Answer 39

roman town center, site of temples and administrative buildings and used as a market or gathering place for citizens

Question 40

still-life

Answer 40

type of painting that has as its subject inanimate objects and dishes

Question 41

barrel vault

Answer 41

arched ceiling or roof of a building, constructed with a rounded arched ceiling that gives the appearance of a tunnel

Question 42

groin vault

Answer 42

conjunction of two perpendicular vaults, constructed from barrel vaults or gothic arches

Question 43

basilica

Answer 43

large rectangular building with an extensive interior space

Question 44

nave

Answer 44

central space of a church, two or three stories high and usually flanked by aisles

Question 45

apse

Answer 45

large semicircular or polygonal recess on an end wall of a building

Question 46

rotunda

Answer 46

any building constructed in a circular shape