Exam 3 Flashcards
herd health management approach
focuses on prevention and identifying risk factors for disease
likely agroterrorism agents
newcastle disease, rift valley fever, highly pathogenic avian influenza
what are the two characteristics shared by a majority of emerging diseases
zoonotic and bacterial, tropical, often vecot-borne and drug-resistant
how would you report a notifiable agent
individuals report to state, who reports to USDA, who reports to the WOAH
what are genetic and biological factors of disease emergence
microbial adaptation and host susceptibility to infection
what are physical environment factors of disease emergence
climate, urbanization
what are ecological factors of disease emergence
changing ecosystems, human demographics and behavior
what are social, political, and economic factors of disease emergence
international travel, technology, breakdown of public health measures, poverty
what factors promote the transmission of zoonotic diseases
wildlife trade, increased contact, globalization
which strategies can be used to mitigate future disease emergence
new vaccines, antimicrobial resistance, one health, predictive vs reactive, addressing poverty
primary vs secondary immunodeficiency
primary means congenital and secondary means immune damaged later in life
what are not reservoirs for rabies in the US
dogs and cats
how long do dogs usually shed rabies virus in their saliva before clinical signs develop?
5 days
three stages of rabies CNS infection
prodromal (behavioral), excitative (furious), paralytic (dumb)
Rabies compendium
best practice recommendations by NASPHV, basis for many state laws
how long until an animal is considered immunized post initial vaccination?
28 days
current vaccinee and overdue guidelines for getting bit
revaccinated immediately and quarantined for 45 days
what are guidelines for rabies exposure in cattle
commercial slaughter prohibited for 8 months
which dogs have an increased risk of biting
male intact
which aerobic bacteria are most prevalent in dog bites
pasteurella, capnocytophaga canimorsus, MRSA
what type of bacteria are more prevalent in cat bitesq
anaerobes most prevalent
sporotrichosis
fungus exposure from cat bite, ulcerated nodules
blastomycosis
fungus from dog bite, skin lesions and focal lymphadenopathy
LCMV
virus from rodent bites, biphasic febrile illness, first symptoms nonspecific and then meningitis
B virus
herpes virus from bite of macaques, fatality rate high
bartonellosis
naturally transmitted by fleas among cats, causes rash and normally self-limiting but could cause Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatitis
toxoplasmosis
from cats, oocysts (shed in feces, require oxygen and 1-5 days to spore), tachyzoites (rapid growth in tissues), bradyzoites (slow growth in tissues, resistant), and tissue cysts (bradyzoites with a wall), vaccine for pigs being developed
larva migrans
hookworm implicated in cutaneous, roundworm in visceral, often travelers from tropical regions who touched bare skin to sand for long time
dermatophytosis
ring worm! superficial fungal infection, “hairborne”, very durable in environment
serology of toxoplasmosis
IgG previously infected, IgM means active infection, and absence means cat is susceptible
tularemia
carcass of rabbits above 3000 ft, possibly vectorized, 5 types eye, lymph, mouth, lungs, typhoid, reportable 4 hrs in AZ
RMSF (R. rickettsii)
small rodents to ticks (dermacentor or ixodes), reportable to CDC
chagas
dogs to kissing bug, oral ingestion, acute vs chronic infection, insecticides
chlamydiosis
reptiles, birds, mammals, aerosolized feces, keratoconjunctivitis, abortion, elementary body vs reticulate (BS3)
mycobacteriosis
fish, elephants, primates inhale from environment, cutaneous granulomas, chronic weight loss, disinfect WELL, reportable
rat bite fever (s. moniliformis)
petechial rash, arthritis, myalgia, disinfect well
avian influenza
implicated in shorebirds, fecal oral, fecal cloacal, high path reportable, PPE and safe necropsies
rat lungworm (a. cantonensis)
definitive host rats, intermediate snails and slugs, eosinophilic meningitis
encephalitozoonosis
commonly shed in rabbit urine, neurologic signs
anthrax
ruminants to spores in soil, use oxygen to turn vegetative in animal, bleeding from orifices, edema in pigs,
bovine TB
cattle, deer reservoir in US, avoid contaminated raw dairy, affects lymph nodes and lungs
brucellosis
abortions and epididymitis in sheep and goats, vaccine virulent in humans
crypto
ingestion of oocysts, #1 cause of diarrhea in calves, feed colostrum and disinfect with H2O2
Q fever
coxiella burnetii in ruminants, most excretions, avoid livestock around parturition
lepto
urine or other body fluids except saliva, jaundice, abortions, bloody urine/milk
lyme
borellia from rodent reservoirs to ixodes, shifting leg lameness
EEE/WEE
togaviruses from birds, vector is culiseta mosquitoes, neuro signs in horses
powassan encephalitis
flavavirus from rodents to ixodes, transmission w/in hours of bite
colorado tick fever
coltivirus, squirrels, chipmunks and rodents to dermacentor andersoni
babesia
rodents/small mammals to ixodes, hemolytic anemia
