Exam 3

Question 1

herd health management approach

Answer 1

focuses on prevention and identifying risk factors for disease

Question 2

likely agroterrorism agents

Answer 2

newcastle disease, rift valley fever, highly pathogenic avian influenza

Question 3

what are the two characteristics shared by a majority of emerging diseases

Answer 3

zoonotic and bacterial, tropical, often vecot-borne and drug-resistant

Question 4

how would you report a notifiable agent

Answer 4

individuals report to state, who reports to USDA, who reports to the WOAH

Question 5

what are genetic and biological factors of disease emergence

Answer 5

microbial adaptation and host susceptibility to infection

Question 6

what are physical environment factors of disease emergence

Answer 6

climate, urbanization

Question 7

what are ecological factors of disease emergence

Answer 7

changing ecosystems, human demographics and behavior

Question 8

what are social, political, and economic factors of disease emergence

Answer 8

international travel, technology, breakdown of public health measures, poverty

Question 9

what factors promote the transmission of zoonotic diseases

Answer 9

wildlife trade, increased contact, globalization

Question 10

which strategies can be used to mitigate future disease emergence

Answer 10

new vaccines, antimicrobial resistance, one health, predictive vs reactive, addressing poverty

Question 11

primary vs secondary immunodeficiency

Answer 11

primary means congenital and secondary means immune damaged later in life

Question 12

what are not reservoirs for rabies in the US

Answer 12

dogs and cats

Question 13

how long do dogs usually shed rabies virus in their saliva before clinical signs develop?

Answer 13

5 days

Question 14

three stages of rabies CNS infection

Answer 14

prodromal (behavioral), excitative (furious), paralytic (dumb)

Question 15

Rabies compendium

Answer 15

best practice recommendations by NASPHV, basis for many state laws

Question 16

how long until an animal is considered immunized post initial vaccination?

Answer 16

28 days

Question 17

current vaccinee and overdue guidelines for getting bit

Answer 17

revaccinated immediately and quarantined for 45 days

Question 18

what are guidelines for rabies exposure in cattle

Answer 18

commercial slaughter prohibited for 8 months

Question 19

which dogs have an increased risk of biting

Answer 19

male intact

Question 20

which aerobic bacteria are most prevalent in dog bites

Answer 20

pasteurella, capnocytophaga canimorsus, MRSA

Question 21

what type of bacteria are more prevalent in cat bitesq

Answer 21

anaerobes most prevalent

Question 22

sporotrichosis

Answer 22

fungus exposure from cat bite, ulcerated nodules

Question 23

blastomycosis

Answer 23

fungus from dog bite, skin lesions and focal lymphadenopathy

Question 24

LCMV

Answer 24

virus from rodent bites, biphasic febrile illness, first symptoms nonspecific and then meningitis

Question 25

B virus

Answer 25

herpes virus from bite of macaques, fatality rate high

Question 26

bartonellosis

Answer 26

naturally transmitted by fleas among cats, causes rash and normally self-limiting but could cause Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, bacillary angiomatosis and peliosis hepatitis

Question 27

toxoplasmosis

Answer 27

from cats, oocysts (shed in feces, require oxygen and 1-5 days to spore), tachyzoites (rapid growth in tissues), bradyzoites (slow growth in tissues, resistant), and tissue cysts (bradyzoites with a wall), vaccine for pigs being developed

Question 28

larva migrans

Answer 28

hookworm implicated in cutaneous, roundworm in visceral, often travelers from tropical regions who touched bare skin to sand for long time

Question 29

dermatophytosis

Answer 29

ring worm! superficial fungal infection, "hairborne", very durable in environment

Question 30

serology of toxoplasmosis

Answer 30

IgG previously infected, IgM means active infection, and absence means cat is susceptible

Question 31

tularemia

Answer 31

carcass of rabbits above 3000 ft, possibly vectorized, 5 types eye, lymph, mouth, lungs, typhoid, reportable 4 hrs in AZ

Question 32

RMSF (R. rickettsii)

Answer 32

small rodents to ticks (dermacentor or ixodes), reportable to CDC

Question 33

chagas

Answer 33

dogs to kissing bug, oral ingestion, acute vs chronic infection, insecticides

Question 34

chlamydiosis

Answer 34

reptiles, birds, mammals, aerosolized feces, keratoconjunctivitis, abortion, elementary body vs reticulate (BS3)

Question 35

mycobacteriosis

Answer 35

fish, elephants, primates inhale from environment, cutaneous granulomas, chronic weight loss, disinfect WELL, reportable

Question 36

rat bite fever (s. moniliformis)

Answer 36

petechial rash, arthritis, myalgia, disinfect well

Question 37

avian influenza

Answer 37

implicated in shorebirds, fecal oral, fecal cloacal, high path reportable, PPE and safe necropsies

Question 38

rat lungworm (a. cantonensis)

Answer 38

definitive host rats, intermediate snails and slugs, eosinophilic meningitis

Question 39

encephalitozoonosis

Answer 39

commonly shed in rabbit urine, neurologic signs

Question 40

anthrax

Answer 40

ruminants to spores in soil, use oxygen to turn vegetative in animal, bleeding from orifices, edema in pigs,

Question 41

bovine TB

Answer 41

cattle, deer reservoir in US, avoid contaminated raw dairy, affects lymph nodes and lungs

Question 42

brucellosis

Answer 42

abortions and epididymitis in sheep and goats, vaccine virulent in humans

Question 43

crypto

Answer 43

ingestion of oocysts, #1 cause of diarrhea in calves, feed colostrum and disinfect with H2O2

Question 44

Q fever

Answer 44

coxiella burnetii in ruminants, most excretions, avoid livestock around parturition

Question 45

lepto

Answer 45

urine or other body fluids except saliva, jaundice, abortions, bloody urine/milk

Question 46

lyme

Answer 46

borellia from rodent reservoirs to ixodes, shifting leg lameness

Question 47

EEE/WEE

Answer 47

togaviruses from birds, vector is culiseta mosquitoes, neuro signs in horses

Question 48

powassan encephalitis

Answer 48

flavavirus from rodents to ixodes, transmission w/in hours of bite

Question 49

colorado tick fever

Answer 49

coltivirus, squirrels, chipmunks and rodents to dermacentor andersoni

Question 50

babesia

Answer 50

rodents/small mammals to ixodes, hemolytic anemia