Exam 1

Question 1

zooeyia

Answer 1

the benefits of pet ownership to individuals and communities

Question 2

market justice vs social justice

Answer 2

freedom to do own thing vs everyone helping each other and preventable death minimized

Question 3

Bradford Hill

Answer 3

english epidemiologist and statistician, randomized clinical trial and criteria for causation

Question 4

What was the first randomized control trial on?

Answer 4

recognition of risk for heart disease

Question 5

If key public health interventions did not happen, how many more deaths would we see?

Answer 5

~50 million more

Question 6

5 SDOH

Answer 6

economic stability, education access, health care access, neighborhood, community

Question 7

base rate fallacy

Answer 7

just a number without being a rate of total population is misleading

Question 8

Environmental risks cause about how many avoidable deaths per year?

Answer 8

~13 million

Question 9

how much of pakistan is submerged?

Answer 9

1/3, displacing about 40 million people

Question 10

What are the top six staple calorie crops and which are currently threatened by fungal pathogens?

Answer 10

rice, wheat , sugarcane, maize, soybean, and potatoes*

Question 11

What virus comes from bats and has an increasing prevalence in humans and horses which can be attributed to deforestation?

Answer 11

Hendra virus

Question 12

trophic cascades

Answer 12

effects of removal or addition of keystone species that propagate through food webs across multiple trophic levels

Question 13

Six domains of veterinary public health contributions

Answer 13

diagnosis, surveillance, epidemiology, control, prevention, zoonotic disease control

Question 14

What does the FDA regulate?

Answer 14

food and food ingredients (except meat, poultry, and some egg products), also animal drugs, animal feeds, and veterinary devices

Question 15

What does the USDA regulate?

Answer 15

animal vaccines and biologics, meat, poultry, and some egg products

Question 16

What does the EPA regulate?

Answer 16

pesticides that act externally to the animal (frontline) (important because can’t use EPA drugs off label)

Question 17

FSIS

Answer 17

Food safety and inspection services protects the public from foodborne illness

Question 18

APHIS

Answer 18

animal and plant health inspection, address animal welfare, biotechnology, wildlife damage, and global trade

Question 19

Office of State Veterinarian

Answer 19

protects the livestock, poultry and fish industry, which through control of diseases, protects the public (technically agriculture department)

Question 20

State Public Health Veterinarians

Answer 20

work in zoonotic disease and prevention

Question 21

NASPHV

Answer 21

develops uniform public health procedures, published compendium of rabies prevention and control

Question 22

Twelve required reportable diseases in Arizona

Answer 22

anthrax, avian influenza, brucellosis, tuberculosis, equine encephalomyelitis, Q fever, vesicular stomatitis, leptospirosis, west nile virus, rabies, tularemia, psittacosis

Question 23

OSHA violation fees

Answer 23

$15,000 for violation, repeated can be up to $150,000

Question 24

Biomedical waste

Answer 24

any solid waste generated in diagnosis, treatment or immunization

Question 25

Regulated Medical Waste (RMW)

Answer 25

medical waste that poses a significant risk of transmitting infection to people (including sharps)

Question 26

How long do you have to keep transit records of biohazardous waste or RMW?

Answer 26

one year

Question 27

How long can you store biohazardous medical waste before it has to be dealt with?

Answer 27

90 days or less

Question 28

Difference between Category A and Category B biological substances?

Answer 28

A- materials known to contain certain etiologic agents B- materials being shipped for purpose of diagnosis or investigation that MAY contain etiologic agents

Question 29

Recommended depopulation methods for large animals?

Answer 29

gunshot or penetrating captive bolt

Question 30

Recommended depopulation methods for medium animals?

Answer 30

Non-penetrating captive bolt or carbon monoxide

Question 31

Recommended depopulation methods for poultry?

Answer 31

carbon dioxide, argon or nitrogen or water based foam POSSIBLY ventilation shutdown

Question 32

Three common methods of carcass disposal?

Answer 32

Incineration, burying (at LEAST 4 feet deep and covered with lime), rendering

Question 33

Methods of mass carcass disposal

Answer 33

burial, incineration, composting, rendering, and alkaline hydrolysis

Question 34

What is a safe way to dispose of carcasses infected with foot and mouth disease?

Answer 34

Incineration (2001)

Question 35

What is a safe way to dispose of carcasses infected with Anthrax?

Answer 35

Don't want to handle things any more than you have to, incineration or alkaline hydrolysis and rendering

Question 36

epidemiology

Answer 36

the study of disease patterns and transmission

Question 37

Who was John Snow and what did he study

Answer 37

father of epidemiology, studied a cholera outbreak in London, traced it back to a single water pump

Question 38

Miasmatic theory of disease

Answer 38

disease transmitted by a miasma or low cloud that hangs on the surface of the earth

Question 39

epidemiologic transition

Answer 39

a shift in patterns of morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infectious disease to chronic disease

Question 40

demographic transition

Answer 40

a shift from high birth rates and death rates found in agrarian societies to much better rates in developed countries

Question 41

Robert Koch

Answer 41

demonstrated association between microorganisms and disease

Question 42

temporality

Answer 42

cause or exposure observed before the effect

Question 43

biological gradient

Answer 43

dose-response, shows a linear trend in association between exposure and disease

Question 44

what are the four measurements to express sampling error?

Answer 44

CIs, standard error, margin of error, coefficient of variance

Question 45

Four different types of bias in epidemiologic studies

Answer 45

recall, selection, observer, confounding

Question 46

Recall bias

Answer 46

ability of subjects to recall, be aware of limitation

Question 47

observer bias

Answer 47

observers indirectly affect results, can subvert with double-blind procedures/multiple observers/scripts

Question 48

selection bias

Answer 48

accidentally selecting only a subset (often for efficiency), can subvert with randomization

Question 49

Confounding bias

Answer 49

confounding factors, think about in design phase

Question 50

Type I error

Answer 50

false positive, null hypothesis rejected when actually true

Question 51

Type II error

Answer 51

false negative, null hypothesis not rejected when actually false

Question 52

study designs in descriptive epidemiology

Answer 52

case report, case series, cross-sectional (last has control group)

Question 53

ecologic fallacy

Answer 53

associations that old true at a large group level are not necessarily true of individuals

Question 54

difference between a ratio, proportion and rate

Answer 54

ratio means comparison, proportion is part of a whole, and rate means events over specific amount of time

Question 55

prevalence

Answer 55

number of cases/ number of people in population

Question 56

incidence

Answer 56

number of new cases/ number of persons in population

Question 57

specific rates

Answer 57

rates based on a particular subgroup of the population

Question 58

adjusted rates

Answer 58

statistical procedures have been applied to remove effect of differences in composition of various populations

Question 59

what is the most important consideration during the planning phase of designing a workshop?

Answer 59

your audience!!!

Question 60

ICAM

Answer 60

international animal welfare organization that publishes guidance on population management

Question 61

four DPM foundations

Answer 61

legislation and enforcement, task force, advocacy, and community engagement