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Abnormal Psychology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality disorder DSM-5 criteria (general def)

A

personality pattern deviates from expectations of culture: styles of thinking ab oneself, others or events; emotional experience and expression; interpersonal functioning and/or impulse control

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2
Q

when is the onset of a personality disorder?

A

adolescence or early adulthood

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3
Q

personality disorder

A

enduring pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is relatively stable over time, and the particular personality features must be evident by early adulthood

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4
Q

cluster A PS’s

A

odd or eccentric: paranoid PD, schizoid PD, schizotypal PD

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5
Q

paranoid PD

A

distrust or suspiciousness (plausible but unreasonable)

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6
Q

schizoid PS

A

no interest in relationships

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7
Q

schizotypal PD & treatment

A

eccentric behavior; odd thinking (schizophrenia lite); treatment: dynamic, supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and group therapy & small doses of anxiolytics for anxitey

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8
Q

cluster B PDs

A

dramatic/erratic: Antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

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9
Q

antisocial PD

A

violating rights of others: don’t learn from consequences (similar to psychopaths), more common in men, requires conduct disorder diagnosis as child

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10
Q

borderline PD & treatment

A

instability in mood, self-image, relationships: fear of being alone, impulsivity (catastrophizing), more common in women; treatment: skill training based

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11
Q

histrionic PD

A

attention seeking: overly excited, seductive, etc., more common in women

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12
Q

narcissistic PD- theory & etiology

A

grandiosity, need for admiration, lack of empathy, more common in men; theory: subconsciously inferior; etiology: link to parenting

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13
Q

cluster C

A

anxious/fearful: avoidant PD, dependent PD, obsessive-compulsive PD

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14
Q

avoidant PD

A

social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to criticism

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15
Q

dependent PD

A

need to be taken care of, submissiveness, clinginess, fear of abandonment

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16
Q

obsessive-compulsive PD

A

orderliness, perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, inflexibility

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17
Q

psychopathy

A

lack of emotion, no shame, charming/manipulative, act irresponsibly/cruelly towards others, don’t learn from mistakes; seeking thrill/financial gain

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18
Q

etiology of BPD

A

biological: low serotonin, impaired frontal lobe functioning (impulse control/inhibition); psychological: childhood abuse/neglect, inconsistent love/attention, emotional dysregulation in childhood/punishment by parent

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19
Q

treatment of BPD

A

dialectical-behavioral therapy (DBT): changing behaviors and acceptance; emotional regulation; mindfulness

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20
Q

conduct disorder

A

persistent pattern of behavior violates basic rights of others or major rules

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21
Q

categorical model of diagnosis for PD

A

defines 10 different personality disorders in terms of distinct criteria sets; DSM-lV, intended for clinical use

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22
Q

dimensional model

A

trait specific, DSM-5: 3 clusters; continuum model of PDs like big 5 model (normal-abnormal)

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23
Q

criticims for DSM-5 approach to PDs

A

treats PD as if they are entirely different from “normal” personality traits; clustering system is limited (ex: limitations for co-occurring PDs from diff clusters); not consistently validated

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24
Q

anorexia nervosa symptoms

A

restricted intact, significantly low weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted perception

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25
Q

anorexia: restrictive type

A

last 3 mo, weight loss primarily gained through dieting/fasting, excessive exercising

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26
Q

anorexia: binge-purge type

A

last 3 mo, engage in binge-purge behavior

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27
Q

treatment of anorexia nervosa

A

psychotherapy, meds: control anxiety and depression, group/family therapy, hospitalization

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28
Q

associated issues w/ anorexia

A

leading cause of chronic illness in adolescents; bradycardia, arrythmia, hypotension, gastrointestinal issues, heart failure, chronic fatigue, etc.

29
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge & compensatory behaviors: 3x per week/3 mo (mild: 1-3 comp behaviors/week, moderate 4-7 comp behaviors/week, severe: 8-13/ week, extreme 14+/week)

30
Q

treatment of bulimia nervosa

A

psychotherapy (CBT), medication (control anxiety & depression), group/family therapy

31
Q

associated issues bulimia

A

electrolyte imbalance (can lead to heart failure), suicidality, erosion of gums/teeth enamel, sores, scars, and bruises on hands and knuckles, esophagus ulcers

32
Q

binge eating disorder

A

recurrent episodes of binge eating: no compensatory behaviors, 1/week for 3 mo (mild: 1-3/ week, moderate 4-7/wk, severe: 8-13/wk, extreme: 14+/wk)

33
Q

associated issues w/ binge eating disorder

A

obesity (joint probs, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, GERD), school, work, social impairment, anxiety, depression, suicidality, substance abuse

34
Q

avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

A

disturbance in eating/lack of interest: avoidance based on sensory characteristics (weight loss, dependence on enteral feeding/oral supplements, interferes w/ functioning) (!!!No body image disturbances or fear of weight gain!!!)

35
Q

treatment avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

A

psychotherapy (CBT), meds, group/family therapy, hospitalization

36
Q

associated issues w/ A/RFID

A

similar to anorexia nervosa: dramatic weight loss, constipation, fatigue, hair thinning/loss, etc.

37
Q

sexual functioning

A

what goes on in the body during sexual activity

38
Q

sex

A

intercourse; biological category assigned at birth

39
Q

gender

A

psychological and/or cultural

40
Q

gender identity

A

individual’s perception of themselves as whatever gender

41
Q

sexual orientation

A

direction of sexual attraction

42
Q

masters & Johnson stages & models of sexual arousal

A

excitement –> plateau –> orgasm –> resolution

43
Q

masters & johnson 2 stages

A

myotonia & vasocongestion

44
Q

triphasic model (cognitive-physiological) (Kaplan)

A

desire (considers psychological factors) –> excitement –> orgasm

45
Q

female sexual dysfunctions

A

female sexual interest/arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder, genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

46
Q

male sexual dysfunctions

A

erectile disorder, male hypoactive (less) sexual desire disorder, premature ejaculation, delayed ejaculation

47
Q

treatments for sexual function disorders

A

behavior therapy: systematic desensitization
masters & Johnson: eliminate goal-oriented performance and cognitive interreference,
CBT,
couples therapy,
education & cognitive intervention,
script assignment/modification (change old patterns)
conflict resolution/relationship enhancement
relapse prevention training

48
Q

specific treatments: premature ejaculation

A

start-stop technique, squeeze technique, SSRIs

49
Q

specific treatments: women (sexual disrosers)

A

masturbation, kegel exercises, vaginal dialtors (vaginismus)

50
Q

specific treatments: erectile disorder

A

surgical therapies (prosthetics), suction devices, intracavernosal injection

51
Q

paraphilias

A

sexual attraction to unusual objects or activities (affects functioning)

52
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving use of nonliving or nongenital body parts

53
Q

transvestic disorder

A

dressing in clothes of opposite sex for sexual gratification

54
Q

exhibitionistic disorser

A

flashing/exposing genitals to unsuspecting others

55
Q

frotteuristic disorder

A

rubbing up against unsuspected others

56
Q

vouyeristic disorder

A

watching/observing unsuspecting others (ex: peeping tom)

57
Q

sexual masochism disorder

A

aroused by receiving pain/humiliation during sex

58
Q

sexual sadism disorder

A

aroused by inflicting pain/humiliation on sex partner (causes distress or happens w/ non-consenting person

59
Q

pedophilic disorder

A

sexual gratification from physical/sexual contact w/ children (13 or younger)- person must be at least 16 w/ someone 5 years younger

60
Q

gender dysphoria

A

gender-related feelings at odds w/ assigned gender, discomfort, wish to eliminate gender characteristics

61
Q

competency/incompetent to stand trial

A

people who do not have an understanding of what is happening to them in a courtroom and cannot participate in their defense are incompetent to stand trial

62
Q

insanity defense

A

based on belief that ppl cannot be held fully responsible for illegal acts if they were so mentally incapacitated at time of crime that they could not conform to rules of society

63
Q

M’Naughten rule

A

person can be absolved from responsibility because of mental disorder (delusional man killed secretary of political party thinking they were targeting him)

64
Q

irresistible impulse rule

A

person can be absolved in driven my irresistible impulse to perform the act or had diminished capacity to resist performing it

65
Q

durham rule

A

insanity defense could be accepted for any crimes that were product of mental disease or mental defect

66
Q

ALI rule

A

nor responsible if result of mental disease/defect- lacks capacity to appreciate the criminality of conduct or to conform to requirements of the law

67
Q

insanity defense reform act

A

found not guilty by reason if insanity if it is show that they were unable to appreciate the wrongfulness of conduct at the time due to mental disease

68
Q

guilty but mentally ill

A

incarcerated for normal term & receive mental health services

69
Q

goldwater rule

A

APA- don’t assess people you haven’t worked w/

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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