exam 1 Flashcards
(117 cards)
psychopathology
another name for AP- focuses on behaviors that are atypical or unexpected
cultural relativism
there are no universal standards or rules for labeling a behavior abnormal; behaviors can be labeled abnormal only relative to cultural norms
cultural universality
the view that values, concepts, and behaviors characteristic of diverse cultures ca be viewed, understood, and judges according to universal standards
cultural relativism vs. cultural universality
normal/abnormal vary from culture to culture v. normal/abnormal is same across cultures
Szasz’s critiques of AP
mental health is a myth & created to control and change people
Rosenhan’s critiques of AP
ppl are admitted into hospitals even though they are completely sane
prevalence
proportion of total pop w/ a disorder in a specific period of time
lifetime prevalence
proportion of pop who have ever had a disorder
incidence
rate at which new cases arise over a period of time (ex: COVID-19 rates of new cases)
biological approach
disorders as the result of abnormal genes or neurobiological dysfunction
divisions of the brain
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
forebrain
responsible for crucial functions (ex: receiving/processing sensory info, thinking, perceiving, production/understanding of language)
midbrain
sensory info and controlling movement
hindbrain
most primitive functions (basic life functions)
cerebral cortex
forebrain- involved in advanced thinking processes
hypothalamus
forebrain- responsible for regulating basic biological needs (hunger, thirst, etc) and stress
thalamus
forebrain- relay center for the cortex: handles outgoing and incoming signals
pituitary gland
forebrain- connector btwn CNS and endocrine system; “master gland” that regulates secretion of other endocrine glands
endocrine system
“hormone central”- includes lots of glands that produce different hormones (messages) released in the body
HPA axis
Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Adrenal glands- at work in the fight or flight response
neurons
control attention and arousal to stimuli
neurotransmitters
chemicals exchanged across synapses and neurons (“chemical messengers”
what are the 4 major parts of a neuron?
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminals
steps of communication btwn neurons
nerve impulse –> electrochemical signal (changes charge of neuron) –> synapse (gap btwn neurons- where communication occurs)