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NRES 250 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

stratification of lakes

A

layering of water based on temperature

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2
Q

epilimnion

A

surface water, warmest in summer, coldest in winter

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3
Q

metalimnion

A

middle layer of lake

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4
Q

hypolimnion

A

bottom layer of water, coldest, oxygen deprived

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5
Q

low productivity of water

A

oligotrophic, clear

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6
Q

high productivity of water

A

eutrophic, not clear

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7
Q

middle productivity of water

A

mesotrophic

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8
Q

littoral zone

A

close to shore, terrestrial plants

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9
Q

limnetic zone

A

open water

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10
Q

benthic zone

A

bottom of lake

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11
Q

pelagic zone

A

portion of euphotic zone with oxygen and light

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12
Q

photic zone

A

light can penetrate

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13
Q

aphotic zone

A

no light can penetrate

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14
Q

riverine zone in reservior

A

farthest from dam
high flow, shallow, narrow, turbid, organics from outside

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15
Q

lacustrine zone in reservior

A

closest to dam
minimal flow, deep, wide, clear, organics from within

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16
Q

when are nutrients highest in reservior?

A

highest after flooding event, trophic upsurge then trophic depression

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17
Q

ecological roles of wetlands

A

Essential fish and wildlife habitat
Water storage to mitigate flooding and erosion
Reduce sediment and nutrients to improve water quality
Sequester atmospheric carbon
Groundwater recharge

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18
Q

what do fish use wetlands for?

A

Spawning, nursery, migration

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19
Q

ephemeral wetland

A

wet only in spring

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20
Q

important functions of riparian zone on streams

A

link food webs, reduce erosion

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21
Q

effect of clear cutting on riparian zones

A

increase sediment loading and temp

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22
Q

common stream degradation issues

A

Sedimentation
Habitat loss
Increased BOD
Altered channel morphology
Flooding
Fish death
toxins

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23
Q

point-source pollution

A

problem attributed to specific location

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24
Q

non-point source pollution

A

no one single source can be identified

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25
Q

which species of trout is more tolerant of low DO and warmer temps

A

brown trout

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26
Q

trout distribution in streams

A

Brook are more prevalent in headwaters
Brown are further downstream in wider, warmer waters

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27
Q

what kind of trout survives better in streams

A

wild trout

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28
Q

common harvest regulations for trout in wisconsin

A

Creel and length limit
Gear restrictions
Stream specific

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29
Q

some reasons for removal of wildlife

A

Overpopulation
Nuisance
Increase growth
Exotic species
Disease control
Undesirable effects on habitat
Reduce competition with desired species

30
Q

introductory stocking

A

introducing new species or to new area

31
Q

maintenance stocking

A

limited or no natural reproduction

32
Q

supplemental stocking

A

response to poor recruitment, game popularity

33
Q

creel/bag

A

number of animals that can be taken in a day

34
Q

possession limit

A

number of animals you can have at one time

35
Q

why are creel limits uneffective

A

do not control effort or pressure

36
Q

exploitation of walleye

A

35%

37
Q

are gavis point paddle fish open or limited entry

A

limited entry

38
Q

how to catch a paddlefish

A

snagging

39
Q

why did Lake Oahe regs not protect larger walleyes

A

larger walleye did not have enough food so would have died anyway

40
Q

causes of collapse in whitefish fishery

A

logging and overfishing

41
Q

causes of whitefish recovery

A

Sea lamprey control through lampricides and trapping
Clean water act in 1972

42
Q

challenges of managing whitefish

A

Whitefish move around a lot
Different user groups: commercial and recreational fishing
Inter-jurisdictional management: MI, WI, CORA

43
Q

how can diversity be quantified

A

5 to 10% species
10 to 20% genera
15 to 30% family

44
Q

two effects of inadequate soil volume on tree growth and longevity

A

Small growth and reduced longevity

45
Q

benefits of the urban forest

A

Shade water interception energy conservation
Aesthetics air pollution reduction reduction in violence
Human health

46
Q

four variables used to account for the compensatory value of a landscape tree

A

Size
Condition
Location
Species

47
Q

Where should the structural roots (first set of roots that originate from the stem) be at planting

A

1-3 inches of the soil surface

48
Q

symptom

A

plant expression to problem

49
Q

sign

A

actual agent (insect, fungus, the thing that causes the plant disorder)

50
Q

dutch elm disease symptoms

A

canopy leaf flagging, leaf yellowing to browning

51
Q

oak wilt symptom

A

canopy leaf loss and outer leaf tanning and inner leaf often green

52
Q

how is dutch elm disease passed

A

fungus spores travel on elm bark beetle

53
Q

how is oak wilt passed

A

root grafts from infected trees

54
Q

sanitation

A

taking care of diseased trees

55
Q

sustained yield

A

Management intensity that provides for perpetual production of outputs

56
Q

sustainable forestry

A

Capacity of forests to maintain their health, productivity, diversity, and integrity in the long run in the context of human activity and use

57
Q

manage wetlands for wildlife

A

Preserve existing and reclaim altered wetlands
Maintain food and cover for desired species
Manipulate waters levels and vegetation

58
Q

effects of flooding wetland

A

set back succession and draw water birds

59
Q

effects of drawdowns

A

speed up succession, attract terrestrial wildlife

60
Q

why are wetlands important for wildlife

A

half of endangered species live in wetlands

61
Q

when did urbanization occur

A

8,000 years ago

62
Q

urban exploiter

A

occur throughout urban areas, flexible needs, highest densities in urban areas

63
Q

urban avoider

A

sensitive to human activities, rarely occur in margins/remnants

64
Q

urban tolerant

A

use anthropogenic resources, but don’t take full advantage, suburbs, low densities

65
Q

urban dependants

A

need humans to provide food/cover, urban core rarely elsewhere

66
Q

What causes wildlife to be listed as endangered or threatened?

A

Species depletion from habitat loss/degradation and overexploitation

67
Q

California condor

A

lead poisoning, DDT, habitat degradation

68
Q

black footed ferret

A

habitat loss (depletion of prairie dogs) and disease

69
Q

Endangered species act, 1973

A

Goals: Self-sustaining wild populations, maintain species integrity
Listing criteria
Protect critical habitat
Develop recovery plans

70
Q

CITES: convention on international trade of endangered species

A

Designed to prevent animal trafficking
No trade: threatened with extinctions
Regulated trade: unlikely to go extinct
Countries list native species within their border

NRES 250 (4 decks)

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