Exam 2: Wildlife Flashcards
Disease
any alteration in normal condition of organism
necropsy
autopsy on animals
clinical signs
objective evidence of disease
vectors
invertebrates that transfer pathogens from one host to another
reservoir
store pathogens in population
enzootic
disease occurs at regular rate in area
epizootic
disease occurs at unexpected time and place or at higher rate
zoonoses
disease between humans and other animals
infectious diseases
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, prions
noninfectious diseases
malnutrition, physical injuries
sublethal effects
behavioral changes, reproductive failure, indirect mortality
management actions for disease
Administer vaccines
Interrupt life cycles of pathogens and vectors
Prevention of stress and injury
early succession
Abundant ground cover
Open spaces and bare ground
Abundant seeds and insects
brush stage
Young trees and shrubs - nesting, roosting, loafing cover
Seeds, fruit, insects, browse
mature forest
Canopy may be closed
Mast, foliage, browse, insect, food
Trees with cavities
Provide seasonal cover and year round cover
old growth
Mosaic landscape pattern and more vertical structure
Provide for many different niches, very complex
intermediate stage
Canopy closed - no understory
Trees too small for cavities
Very limited food and cover when compared to other stages
economic rotation
start a stand and harvest for money
ecological rotation
let a stand mature to old growth
effects on fire on wildlife community
Benefits to wildlife, opens niches
More nutritious grass and forbs generate after fire
Burning leaf litter allows plants to germinate
Increase fruits on shrubs after burn
effect of deffered grazing on wildlife
increase in small mammals
effect of continuous grazing on wildlife
conflict between livestock and wildlife
How do fences influence wildlife?
prevent wildlife migration, habitat fragmentation
advantages to fire management in rangelands
Release of nutrients, reduce residual build up of plant material, stimulate early succession plants, inexpensive
disadvantages to fire management in rangelands
Loss of nesting/winter cover, mortality, potential loss of nutrients
sandhill cranes
3-4ft tall, 6-4 lbs, gray plumage and gray legs
whooping cranes
5ft tall, 12-16 lbs, white plumage and black legs
management concerns in sandhill cranes
damage agriculture land
management concerns in whooping cranes
only one wild population and low nest success
What is causing the birds to abandon nests?
blackfly parasitism
