Exam 3 Flashcards by Emily Cottenden

stunning

a method used to render animals unconscious

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what method of stunning in used for cattle and sheep

captive bolt

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what method of stunning is used for pigs

electrical or CO2

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where is the head removed

at the atlas joint

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what is used to remove the hide from cattle

hide puller

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what method is used to remove the skin from sheep

fisting

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what is fisting

using the fist to go between skin and fell membrane to leave fell membrane on

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what method is used to dehair pigs

scalding

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T/F skin is removed from pigs during slaughter

FALSE skin is left on

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where on the leg are feet removed from cattle

knee and hock

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when are the feet removed for pigs

after chilling, toenails are taken off sooner

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where on the leg are feet removed from sheep

break/spool joint

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evisceration

removing contents and organs from abdominal and thoracic cavities

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viscera

abdominal cavity

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pluck

thoracic cavity

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what is in the thoracic cavity

trachea
lungs
heart

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which animal is left intact(not split) after slaughter

sheep

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antemortem

inspected within 24 hours before harvest

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classifications of antemortem inspection

US passed
US suspect
US condemned

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what temp is used for blast chilling

28 F

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what temp is used for cooler storage

36 F

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factors influencing dressing percent

fill
digestive tract type
fat
muscle
manure and mud

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what is the most valuable by-product of slaughter

hide/pelt

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dress off items

blood
feet and shanks
hide/pelt
viscera
head
liver
heart

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buttons

soft cartilage on outside of chine bones, ossify(harden) with age

pizzle eye is on what animal sex? why?

Male, its where the penis was removed

factors measuring yield grad

ribeye are fat thickness KPH carcass weight

factors determining maturity

buttons rib shape lean color

what quality grades are associated with maturity A

prime choice select standard

what quality grades are associated with maturity B

prime choice standard utility

what does PSE stand for

pale soft and exudative

top 3 most tender meat cuts in order

tenderloin rib round

factors affecting tenderness

age degree of doneness breed type quality grade locomotive vs support

what is a pullet

immature female chicken

oviposition

the egg laying process

where did the poultry industry start

family farms in the midwest

reasons for increased consumption and production of poultry

-new methods of processing, packaging, and distributing -broilers widely available at a good price -chicken was seen as more healthy

what is vertical integration

control by a single management of 2 or more stages of production

egg quality grades

AA A B

what is the best egg quality grade

how many eggs can a hen produce a year

285

how much feed does it take to grow a pound of chicken

less than 1.9 pounds

most valuable poultry cut

the breast

how long does it take a baby chick to hatch

21 days

how long does it take a turkey to hatch

28 days

does the hen or the rooster determine the sex of the offspring

the hen(fenmale)

how much feed does it take to produce a dozen eggs

3 pounds

top 2 egg states

Iowa Ohio

top 2 broiler states

Georgia Alabama

top 2 broiler companies

tyson food pilgrims pride

top 2 turkey states

Minnesota North Carolina

top 2 turkey companies

butterball jennie-o

what percent of eggs are further processed

32%

T/F there IS a nutritional difference between brown and white eggs

FALSE there is NO nutritional difference between brown and white eggs

T/F male and female turkeys are raised separately

TRUE

what cut are turkeys selected for

Breast meat

what weight are hens raised to

18-30 lbs.

what weight are toms raised to

40-45 lbs.

functions of egg in frozen desserts

flavor texture yellow color foam when melting more natural label

fibroelastic penis

always erected, muscles allow for it to extend and contract

vascular penis

engorges with blood flow to become erect

what is the function of FSH

follicular growth

function of oxytocin

milk let down contractions during birth

T/F estrogen is a steroid hormone

TRUE

what is estrogen responsible for

sexual behavior secondary sex charictaristics

what is testosterone released by in males

Leydig cells

advantages of AI

disease control record keeping no male on farm genetic improvement more economical

what AI method is preferred for cattle

rectocervical