exam 2

Question 1

Barrow(swine)

Answer 1

castrated male pig

Question 2

what is the number 1 swine country

Answer 2

china

Question 3

top swine state

Answer 3

Iowa

Question 4

top 5 swine states in order

Answer 4

Iowa
Minnesota
north Carolina
Illinois
Indiana

Question 5

why is the panhandle good for pig raising

Answer 5

-environmental soundness
-water availability
-foodstuffs
-remote location
-trainable workforce

Question 6

where do pigs spend the most time

Answer 6

finisher(5-6 months)

Question 7

how long is pig gestation

Answer 7

114 days(3 month, 3 week, 3 day)

Question 8

what is the most popular swine breedding operation

Answer 8

rotational systems

Question 9

disadvantages of rotational breeding

Answer 9

-lower heterosis
-reduction in growth potential

Question 10

terminal crossbreeding

Answer 10

all offspring from terminal mating are marketed and no replacement gilt is found

Question 11

simple terminal

Answer 11

two purebreds mated or crossbred female is mated with male of 3rd breed

Question 12

complex terminal

Answer 12

two crossbred animals are bred(4 total breeds)

Question 13

disadvantages of terminal

Answer 13

replacement females must be bought since none are produced

Question 14

advantages of crossbreeding

Answer 14

-hybrid vigor
-heterosis

Question 15

what is the greatest expense in pig raising

Answer 15

feed(65-70%)

Question 16

primary source of protein for pigs

Answer 16

soybean meal(corn is also a large componant)

Question 17

all in all out barns

Answer 17

barn is completely emptied between groups of hogs for cleaning, provides better disease control)

Question 18

6 steps after pig is born

Answer 18

-needle teeth clip
-dock tail
-iron shot
-castration
-ear notch
-cut naval cord

Question 19

underline problems

Answer 19

-inadequate number
-poor spacing of tetes and pin
-inverted or blunt nipples

Question 20

what does SPI stand for

Answer 20

sow productivity index

Question 21

how it SPI calculated

Answer 21

number born alive and adjusted 21 day litter weight

Question 22

why is AI used for dairy opperations

Answer 22

-intact bulls are aggressive
-expedites genetic process
-dairy is already more highly managed do its easier to implement

Question 23

negative energy balance

Answer 23

cow is expending mor energy than she’s consuming

Question 24

how much does a gallon of milk weigh

Answer 24

8.6 pounds

Question 25

T/F cow numbers have decreased but milk production has increased

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

dairy products rank as what within Texas(behind what?)

Answer 26

4th, behind cattle, cotton, and poultry

Question 27

why has the industry moved from east to west

Answer 27

-humidity/climate -land prices -government regulations -change from family owned to business owned farms

Question 28

reasons for advancements in dairy

Answer 28

management nutrition genetics

Question 29

bovine somatotropin(BST)

Answer 29

growth hormone to increase milk yield

Question 30

symptoms of mistitles

Answer 30

swollen udder hot to the touch abnormal milk

Question 31

traits(and percentages) dairy cows are judged on

Answer 31

frame-15% dairy character-20% body capacity-10% feet and legs-15% udder-40%

Question 32

calf hutches

Answer 32

where calf's are placed here 1-3 days old, and kept until they eat 4 lbs. of grain a day. reduce spread of disease,

Question 33

freestall barn

Answer 33

individual stalls for each cow, stops their udder from being stepped on and provides cow comfort

Question 34

what allows milking machines to extract milk

Answer 34

the vacume

Question 35

how does the esophagus work in monogastrics

Answer 35

only works in one direction(cant regurgitate)

Question 36

function of stomach in monogastrics

Answer 36

store ingested feed muscular movement for breakdown secretes digestive juices

Question 37

sections of small intestine

Answer 37

duodenum jejunum ileum (it also contains villi)

Question 38

function of duodenum

Answer 38

site of absorption

Question 39

function of jejunum

Answer 39

active site of amino acid absorption

Question 40

function of ileum

Answer 40

active site of nutrient absorption

Question 41

function of villi

Answer 41

small fingerlike projections in small intestine that increase surface area and slow passage

Question 42

largest part of digestive tract of pig

Answer 42

large intestine(35%)

Question 43

largest part of digestive tract of horse

Answer 43

large intestine(47%)

Question 44

where is the site of bacterial fermentation in a horse

Answer 44

cecum in large intestine

Question 45

which animal does not have a gall bladder

Answer 45

horse

Question 46

what is the function of a gizzard on a chicken

Answer 46

grinds feed through muscle contractions

Question 47

how does the esophagus work in ruminants

Answer 47

it can move food in either direction

Question 48

which stomach compartment has a honeycomb pattern

Answer 48

reticulum

Question 49

what is the largest stomach compartment in bovine

Answer 49

rumen

Question 50

what stomach compartment is also known as manyplies

Answer 50

omasum

Question 51

what is the true stomach of ruminants

Answer 51

abomasum

Question 52

functions of the rumen

Answer 52

storage physical mixing/breaking down fermentation

Question 53

qualities of the rumen

Answer 53

anaerobic warm dark acidic

Question 54

desirable pH of the rumen

Answer 54

5.5-6.5

Question 55

esophageal groove

Answer 55

found in young ruminants, a passageway from esophageal opening to omasum allowing milk to bas the rumen and escape fermentation

Question 56

how long do cattle ruminate per day

Answer 56

8 hours

Question 57

eructation

Answer 57

burping(release of CO2 and methane)

Question 58

regurgitation

Answer 58

controlled form of vomiting

Question 59

what is the largest part of the cows reproductive tract

Answer 59

stomach(68%)

Question 60

what does yield grade determine

Answer 60

cutability of closely trimmed retail cuts

Question 61

beef cattle retail cuts

Answer 61

loin round chuck rib

Question 62

factors determining cattle yield grade

Answer 62

external fat ribeye area KPH fat carcass weight

Question 63

percent yield 1

Answer 63

>52.3

Question 64

percent yield 5

Answer 64

<45.45

Question 65

T/F fatter animals equals lower yield grade

Answer 65

TRUE

Question 66

yield grade calculation ribeye

Answer 66

13.8

Question 67

dressing percentage is affected by what

Answer 67

fill hide weight head and shanks muscling

Question 68

average cattle dressing percent

Answer 68

62%

Question 69

T/F fatter animals have a less flat topline

Answer 69

FALSE. fatter animals have a smoother appearance and a wide flat topline

Question 70

T/F yield grade reflects cutability

Answer 70

TRUE

Question 71

areas to evaluate muscle in lamb

Answer 71

forearm shoulder rack loin leg

Question 72

lamb yield grade calculation

Answer 72

.4+(10 x adjusted fat thickness)

Question 73

which animal has the lowest dressing percent

Answer 73

lamb

Question 74

average lamb dressing percent

Answer 74

52%

Question 75

areas to evaluate fat in pigs

Answer 75

jowls behind shoulder over top rear and fore flank underline

Question 76

which animal has highest dressing percent. why?

Answer 76

swine, they are monogastric and skin stays on

Question 77

average swine dressing percent

Answer 77

72%

Question 78

muscle scores

Answer 78

3-very thick 2-moderate 1-very thin

Question 79

heifer

Answer 79

female that has not produced a calf

Question 80

feedlot

Answer 80

beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed and fattened for slaughter

Question 81

global leaders in cattle(with numbers)

Answer 81

india-303m brazil-244m china-97m

Question 82

combo tattoo and ear tag

Answer 82

identification method, permanent tattoo placed in ear along with temporary(plastic ear tag)

Question 83

fire branding

Answer 83

one of the oldest and most permanent methods of branding

Question 84

freeze branding

Answer 84

hair in area is discolored due to extreme cold

Question 85

electronic ear tags

Answer 85

allows animal carcass to be tracked to its origin. they are industry wide and not just for individual producers

Question 86

purposes for castration

Answer 86

steers are more docile they will finish/fatten in less time they can be mixed with females eliminates inferior genetics

Question 87

purposes for implanting

Answer 87

-weaning weight of implanted calve is 5-10% higher -implanted stocker cattle gain 10-15% more -feeder cattle gain 10-15% more -feeder cattle are 8-10% more efficient

Question 88

implanting

Answer 88

placing a steroid pellet in the ear of a young calf

Question 89

why is testicular development important

Answer 89

scrotal circumference is related to sperm production, fertility and when daughters reach puberty

Question 90

weaning age of calves

Answer 90

205 day standard

Question 91

what cow age produces the largest amount of milk

Answer 91

5-10 years old

Question 92

what adjustments should be made for maternal performance

Answer 92

weaning age of calf age of dam sex of calf(males grow faster)

Question 93

top beef cattle states(in order)

Answer 93

Texas Nebraska Kansas Iowa Colorado

Question 94

top cow/calf states

Answer 94

Texas Missouri

Question 95

Texas is number one in the nation in..?

Answer 95

total cattle ranches beef cows feedlot cattle

Question 96

cow calf production

Answer 96

cows and heifers are mated to produce a calf crop

Question 97

commercial producers sale calves at what age and for what

Answer 97

weaning, sold for the feedlot

Question 98

purebred/seedstock breeders

Answer 98

produce calves for breeding herd/DNA for AI

Question 99

stocker operations

Answer 99

use roughage to grow cattle from weaning until ready for feedlot

Question 100

feedlot production

Answer 100

high concentrate diets in large facility for finishing cattle