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BIOL 213 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Crossing over occurs in which phase of Meiosis?

A

Prophase I

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2
Q

During mitosis in human somatic cells, a metaphase cell has __________ chromatids and _________ chromosomes. Immediately after cytokinesis, each daughter cell will have _______________ chromatids and _______ chromosomes.

A

92, 46, 0, 46

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3
Q

Human cells have a diploid number of chromosomes except in which of the following?

A

Ova

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4
Q

Which of the following structures are depolymerized during anaphase of mitosis leading to the separation of sister chromatids?

A

Kinetochore microtubules

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5
Q

In humans cells, ________chromosomes line up in the metaphase plate during meiosis II. After telophase II and cytokinesis, each daughter cell will have ________ chromosomes

A

23, 23

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6
Q

Which of the following will contribute to genetic diversity during meiosis and during fertilization?

A

1) Random fertilization
2) Independent assortment of chromosomes
3)Crossing over between non-sister chromatids

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7
Q

Errors in meiosis (nondisjunction) are most likely to happen during which stages?

A

Anaphase I and II

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8
Q

Which of following about MPF is true?
1)It cannot break down cyclin dependent kinases
2) it is often referred to as a “suicide protein”
3) it is a complex of cdk and cyclin

A

They are all true

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9
Q

During which part of the cell cycle are chromosomes replicated?

A

Interphase (specifically S)

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10
Q

True or False: Sister chromatids separate during anaphase of Mitosis and Meiosis II

A

True

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11
Q

True/False: In metaphase, homologous chromosome pairs line up during Meiosis I whereas duplicated chromosomes line up single file during Mitosis

A

True

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12
Q

True/False: Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids while in tetrad configuration during prophase I

A

True

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13
Q

True/False: Chromosome replication happens during S phase of the mitotic cell cycle and during prophase of meiosis II.

A

False

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14
Q

What happens to a RBC when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

It crenates (shrivels)

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15
Q

What happens to a RBC when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?

A

It lyses (the water comes rushing in like the Kool Aid Man)

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16
Q

What happens to a RBC when it is placed in a isotonic solution?

A

Nothing its straight chillin

17
Q

Which amino acid residues are aquaporins primarily comprised of?

A

Asn-Pro-Ala
A lot of Alpha helices to facilitate diffusion

18
Q

How do steroid hormones cross the cell membrane?

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis

19
Q

Where would you find receptors with glycoproteins and what kind of ligands would they bind to?

A

Outside cell
Large polar molecules

20
Q

Which enzyme helps create cAMP as part of the GPCR transduction pathway?

A

Adenyl Cyclase

21
Q

Which of the following is not a secondary messenger?
A) Ca2+
B) Pip2
C) IP3
D)ATP
E) DAG

A

D)ATP

22
Q

What is the contractile ring formed during telophase comprised of?

A

Microfilaments = actin and myosin

23
Q

In a protein kinase cascade the signal is ____________ at each step while multiple steps provide __________________

A

1) amplified
2) specificity

24
Q

Which portion of the IP3/DAG Second-Messenger System is hydrophobic?

A

DAG - found in membrane

25
Q

hich portion of the IP3/DAG Second-Messenger System is hydrophillic?

A

IPS - found in cytoplasm

26
Q

How does cell signaling accomplish specificity?

A

-Different receptors
Different relay proteins
Crosstalk

All yield different responses (example Epinephrine causes bronchodilation through relaxation in the lungs but increases cardiac contractility and heart rate)

27
Q

What are cyclin dependent kinases activated by? What kind of regulation is this?

A

Activated by binding to cyclin
2) allosteric regulation

28
Q

The progression past the G1-S transition phase depends on phosphorylation to inactivate which protein?

A

Retinoblastoma protein

29
Q

Each nucleosome is comprised of how many histone molecules?

A

8 (1 histone octamer)

30
Q

Where is H1 histone located?

A

Outside of the octamer and links the DNA to the octomer to form the nucleosome structure

BIOL 213 (8 decks)

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