Exam 3 Flashcards
what is I/O psychology?
characterized by the scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace.
Industrial
concerned with describing job requirements and assessing individuals for their ability to meet those requirements.
Organizational
a discipline interested in how the relationships among employees affect those employees and the performance of a business.
Human Factors
the study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers’ productivity, safety, and health
What impacts job satisfaction?
it’s impacted by the work itself, our personality, and the culture we come from and live in.
How is job satisfaction measured?
typically measured after a change in an organization, such as a shift in the management model, to assess how the change affects employees.
what is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction?
the work-content factor
in I/O psychology, what is the work-content factor?
it includes, variety, difficulty level, and role clarity of the job
Why should we care about job satisfaction?
it furthers the goals of the organization
work-family balance
juggling the demands of work life with the demands of home life
performance appraisals
evaluation of an employee’s success or lack of success at performing the duties of the job
job analyses
accurately describing the task or job
criteria for abnormal behavior
- deviant (atypical or statistically unusual)
- maladaptive (disrupts daily life)
- personally distressful (they find it troubling for a long time)
various approaches to psychological disorders
biological, psychological, and sociocultural
under the biopsychosocial model which psychological approach is most important?
spiritual
benefits to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel (DSM)
it now has a longer list of disorders
what are some criticisms to DSM
relies too much on social norms and judgements
in the context of psychological disorders, what are risk factors
characteristics, experiences, or exposures that increase the likelihood that a person will develop a psychological disorder
Applied Behavior analysis
the use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior
a person diagnosed with an anxiety disorder will experience…
constant and unsubstantiated worry that causes significant distress
different types of anxiety and anxiety related disorders
general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety, specific phobias, and separation anxiety disorder
basic diagnosis criteria for anxiety disorders
motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts
basic diagnosis criteria of PTSD
flashbacks, emotional numbness, inability to sleep or excessive arousal reactions, difficulties with memory and concentration, impulsive behavior
different types of mood disorders
major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, substance-induced mood disorder, bipolar disorder
basic criteria of mood disorders
signs and symptoms of depression, signs of mania (bipolar)
basic diagnosis criteria of narcissistic personality disorder
- fragile self esteem
- need for attention
- delusions of grandeur
- sense of entitlement
- exaggeration of achievements
different types of eating disorders
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder
basic diagnosis criteria of eating disorders
- anorexia: significantly low body weight
- bulimia: depression & anxiety
- binge-eating: overweight or obesity
what psychological disorder has the highest mortality rate?
anorexia nervosa
What influence does the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system have on our
ability to cope with stress?
triggers our fight or flight response
What is Eustress? What function does it serve?
stress you feel when you are excited or motivated - good
What are the 4 stages of general adaption syndrome?
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
- normal level
Stage 1: Alarm
temporary state of shock where resistance to illness and stress falls low
Stage 2: Resistance
glands throughout the body manufacture hormones that protect you
Stage 3: Exhaustion
If the all out attempt to combat stress fails and the stress persists, the body becomes exhausted
What is the difference between acute and chronic stress?
acute: very short
chronic: long-term
What are coping skills?
the way we respond to feelings of stress, anxiety & depression
Can these be learned?
yes
What role do adaptive coping skills play?
they increase our resilience and ability to manage stress
What makes a coping skill maladaptive?
behaviors and activities that manage difficulty in the short term but end up increasing pain and suffering in the long term
Neurologically, why is it important to practice adaptive coping skills?
because we learn how to healthily deal with stresses and problems in our lives.
Why is substance use a dangerous coping mechanism?
because it is not regulated by a doctor, could become addicted, etc.
How do different substances act differently in the brain?
- stimulants: excite or speed up
- depressants: inhibit or slow down
- hallucinogens: impair reality
What are the goals of the community resilience model?
to help people widen the Resilient Zone in order to prevent hijacking and to maintain balance
Be able to identify and describe the 6 different skills of the Community Resilience Model
tracking, resourcing, help now! shift and stay, gesturing, grounding
What is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders?
clinical psychology
Identify and describe the different approaches to treating psychological disorders
psychological, biological & sociocultural
What are the benefits of talking to a therapist vs a friend?
therapist is a trained specialist to help people. a friend is more like venting, not always confidential
What type of mental health professional is qualified to prescribe drugs for psychological
disorders?
a psychiatrist
What does research say about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
it says yes, it is effective.
What is the criteria for something to be considered an evidence-based practice?
clinical experience, patient preference, research evidence
What is the therapeutic alliance? Why is it important?
the relationship between the therapist and the client - important element of successful psychotherapy
What is Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique called?
psychoanalysis
What is the main goal of psychoanalysis?
to bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
What do psychodynamic therapies emphasize?
early childhood experiences, therapeutic interpretations
What do humanistic therapies emphasize?
conscious thoughts in the present, self-healing, personal growth
What do behavioral therapies emphasize?
over behavior change rather than insights into self or the underlying cause
What do cognitive therapies emphasize?
thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, how we think controls how we feel
What does systematic desensitization involve?
apply relaxation while imagining fearful scenes
What is aversive conditioning and when can it be an effective treatment?
pairing undesirable behavior with punishment to change the behavior
