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PSY 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Freud’s most important motivator of human activity

A

the ID

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2
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud’s approach to personality; 3 structures

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3
Q

ID

A

unconscious drives

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4
Q

Ego

A

deals with the demands of reality

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5
Q

Superego

A

serves as judge of the individual’s behavior; also known as conscience

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6
Q

Iceberg analogy

A

more to people’s personality under the surface (iceberg below the water)

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7
Q

defense mechanisms

A

conflict between the id, ego, and superego results in anxiety

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8
Q

sublimation

A

transform vile to valuable (ex. going to the gym when angry)

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9
Q

denial

A

disbelieve present reality (smoker refusing to acknowledge a cough)

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10
Q

projection

A

attribute own faults to others (blaming someone for being angry when you are)

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11
Q

reaction formation

A

experience opposite of actual desires (child being mean or aggressive to show attraction)

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12
Q

repression

A

push unacceptable impulses out of awareness (repressing feelings of liking your friends’ SO)

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13
Q

humanistic perspectives

A

highlights a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

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14
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

problem-centered instead of self-centered (self-actualization)

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15
Q

person centered therapy

A

promotes the therapeutic relationship, people create own self-growth

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16
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

no judgement, empathy, congruence, incongruence

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17
Q

conditions of worth

A

The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others.

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18
Q

trait theories

A

trait theorists agree that traits are the fundamental building blocks of personality

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19
Q

big five

A

conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness

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20
Q

openness to experience

A

imagination, feelings, actions, ideas

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21
Q

conscientiousness

A

competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven

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22
Q

extraversion

A

sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression

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23
Q

agreeableness

A

cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured

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24
Q

neuroticism

A

tendency toward unstable emotions

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25
Q

bandura’s social cognitive theory

A

behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors all help to understand personality

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26
Q

human development

A

the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life

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27
Q

attachment theory

A

close emotional bonds between an infant and its caregiver

28
Q

piaget’s theory of cognitive development

A

humans use schemas to make sense of their experience

29
Q

erickson’s stages of psychosocial development

A

each stage represents a development task with two possible outcomes

30
Q

identity development

A

age, geographic areas lived, national identity, ethnicity/race, religious/spiritual orientation

31
Q

marcia’s four identity statuses

A

foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion, achievement

32
Q

identity diffusion

A

low commitment, low motivation

33
Q

foreclosure

A

high commitment, low exploration

34
Q

moratorium

A

low commitment, high level of engagement

35
Q

identity achievement

A

high commitment, high exploration

36
Q

dual cycle approach

A

commitment formation, commitment evaluation

37
Q

narrative identity

A

the internalized and evolving story of the self that a person constructs to make sense and meaning out of their life

38
Q

selective optimization w/ compensation

A

when older adults change their goals and develop new ways to engage in desired activities

39
Q

parenting styles

A

demanding, undemanding, supportive, unsupportive

40
Q

authoritative

A

relationship is reciprocal, responsive

41
Q

neglectful

A

relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved

42
Q

permissive

A

relationship is indulgent; low in control attempts

43
Q

authoritarian

A

relationship is controlling; power-assertive

44
Q

brain development in adolescence

A

changes first occur at the subcortical level in the limbic system; structures essential to memory, emotion, and reward processing

45
Q

which develops first, prefrontal cortex or amygdala?

A

the amygdala, it controls our impulsive actions; acting before logically thinking

46
Q

what development state are synaptic connections at their peak?

A

during childhood, around age 3

47
Q

social psychology

A

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

48
Q

social comparison

A

the process of evaluating our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others

49
Q

self-serving bias

A

tendency to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failure

50
Q

stereotypes

A

A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.

51
Q

self-fulfilling prophecies

A

Social expectations that cause an individual to act in such a way that the expectations are realized.

52
Q

stereotype threat

A

when people are aware of a negative stereotype about their social group

53
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

An individual’s psychological discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

54
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

Theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.

55
Q

the social facilitation effect

A

improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others.

56
Q

the foot-in-the-door technique

A

agree to small request, more likely to agree to larger request

57
Q

the bystander effect

A

individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present

58
Q

overt aggression

A

physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person

59
Q

relational aggression

A

to harm the social standing of another person

60
Q

milgrim’s experiment

A

forcing people to shock a “learner” in order to see if they would conform to the experimenter’s requests

61
Q

altruism

A

Giving to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.

62
Q

biological factors in prosocial behavior

A

genetic factors; high levels of serotonin and dopamine

63
Q

sociocultural factors in prosocial behavior

A

socioeconomic status, gender, and media

64
Q

psychological factors in prosocial behavior

A

empathy, personality, and mood

65
Q

deindividuation

A

the reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group

66
Q

social contagion

A

Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

PSY 100 (3 decks)

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