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PSY 100 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Freud’s most important motivator of human activity

A

the ID

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2
Q

psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud’s approach to personality; 3 structures

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3
Q

ID

A

unconscious drives

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4
Q

Ego

A

deals with the demands of reality

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5
Q

Superego

A

serves as judge of the individual’s behavior; also known as conscience

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6
Q

Iceberg analogy

A

more to people’s personality under the surface (iceberg below the water)

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7
Q

defense mechanisms

A

conflict between the id, ego, and superego results in anxiety

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8
Q

sublimation

A

transform vile to valuable (ex. going to the gym when angry)

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9
Q

denial

A

disbelieve present reality (smoker refusing to acknowledge a cough)

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10
Q

projection

A

attribute own faults to others (blaming someone for being angry when you are)

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11
Q

reaction formation

A

experience opposite of actual desires (child being mean or aggressive to show attraction)

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12
Q

repression

A

push unacceptable impulses out of awareness (repressing feelings of liking your friends’ SO)

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13
Q

humanistic perspectives

A

highlights a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

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14
Q

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

problem-centered instead of self-centered (self-actualization)

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15
Q

person centered therapy

A

promotes the therapeutic relationship, people create own self-growth

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16
Q

unconditional positive regard

A

no judgement, empathy, congruence, incongruence

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17
Q

conditions of worth

A

The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others.

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18
Q

trait theories

A

trait theorists agree that traits are the fundamental building blocks of personality

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19
Q

big five

A

conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness

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20
Q

openness to experience

A

imagination, feelings, actions, ideas

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21
Q

conscientiousness

A

competence, self-discipline, thoughtfulness, goal-driven

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22
Q

extraversion

A

sociability, assertiveness, emotional expression

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23
Q

agreeableness

A

cooperative, trustworthy, good-natured

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24
Q

neuroticism

A

tendency toward unstable emotions

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25
bandura's social cognitive theory
behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors all help to understand personality
26
human development
the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout life
27
attachment theory
close emotional bonds between an infant and its caregiver
28
piaget's theory of cognitive development
humans use schemas to make sense of their experience
29
erickson's stages of psychosocial development
each stage represents a development task with two possible outcomes
30
identity development
age, geographic areas lived, national identity, ethnicity/race, religious/spiritual orientation
31
marcia's four identity statuses
foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion, achievement
32
identity diffusion
low commitment, low motivation
33
foreclosure
high commitment, low exploration
34
moratorium
low commitment, high level of engagement
35
identity achievement
high commitment, high exploration
36
dual cycle approach
commitment formation, commitment evaluation
37
narrative identity
the internalized and evolving story of the self that a person constructs to make sense and meaning out of their life
38
selective optimization w/ compensation
when older adults change their goals and develop new ways to engage in desired activities
39
parenting styles
demanding, undemanding, supportive, unsupportive
40
authoritative
relationship is reciprocal, responsive
41
neglectful
relationship is rejecting or neglecting; uninvolved
42
permissive
relationship is indulgent; low in control attempts
43
authoritarian
relationship is controlling; power-assertive
44
brain development in adolescence
changes first occur at the subcortical level in the limbic system; structures essential to memory, emotion, and reward processing
45
which develops first, prefrontal cortex or amygdala?
the amygdala, it controls our impulsive actions; acting before logically thinking
46
what development state are synaptic connections at their peak?
during childhood, around age 3
47
social psychology
scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
48
social comparison
the process of evaluating our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others
49
self-serving bias
tendency to take credit for success and deny responsibility for failure
50
stereotypes
A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
51
self-fulfilling prophecies
Social expectations that cause an individual to act in such a way that the expectations are realized.
52
stereotype threat
when people are aware of a negative stereotype about their social group
53
cognitive dissonance
An individual’s psychological discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts.
54
elaboration likelihood model
Theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.
55
the social facilitation effect
improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others.
56
the foot-in-the-door technique
agree to small request, more likely to agree to larger request
57
the bystander effect
individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
58
overt aggression
physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person
59
relational aggression
to harm the social standing of another person
60
milgrim's experiment
forcing people to shock a "learner" in order to see if they would conform to the experimenter's requests
61
altruism
Giving to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.
62
biological factors in prosocial behavior
genetic factors; high levels of serotonin and dopamine
63
sociocultural factors in prosocial behavior
socioeconomic status, gender, and media
64
psychological factors in prosocial behavior
empathy, personality, and mood
65
deindividuation
the reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group
66
social contagion
Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

PSY 100 (3 decks)

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