Exam #3 Flashcards
I/O psychology
scientific study of human behavior in organizations and the workplace (or how it effects work or how work effects it)
industrial I/O
describes job requirements and assessing individuals for their ability to meet those requirements
organizational I/O
discipline interested in how the relationships among employees affect those employees and performance of the business
human factors I/O
study of how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers productivity, safety, and health
job satisfaction
the degree in which individuals enjoy their jobs
what impacts job satisfaction?
by work itself, our personality, and the culture we come from and live in
how is job satisfaction measured?
measured after a change in the organization, to assess how the changes affect employees. Measured by using questionnaires that employees complete
what is the strongest predictor of job satisfaction?
the work content factor (variety, difficulty level, and role clarity of the job)
Why should we care about job satisfaction?
measure of job satisfaction is correlated with job performance, and it is related to general life satisfaction
work content factor
the variety, difficulty level and role clarity of the job
work family balance
occurs when people juggle the demands of work life with the demands of family life
performance appraisals
evaluation of employee’s success or lack of success at performing duties of the job
job analyses
determining and listing tasks associated with a particular job
3 criteria to abnormal behavior
- deviant (atypical to culture norms),
- maladaptive (disrupts persons ability to lead a satisfying life)
- personally distressful over a long period of time
biological approach
attributes psychological disorders to organic, internal causes (brain, genetic factors neurotransmitters as sources of abnormality)
psychological approach
emphasizes contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personal characteristics to explain psychological disorders
sociocultural approach
emphasized the cultural context a individual lives and characteristic, also gender/ethnicity/socioeconomic status/fam relationships/culture
which psychological approach is most important in biopsychosocial
not one is most important but the bipsychosocial model states that all the approaches have a impact in one developing a psychological disorder
diagnostic and statistical manuel (DSM) benefits
using the DSM, one is able to identify what psychological disorder they may have based on the behavior they are exhibiting
DSM criticisms
treats psychological disorders as medical illnesses, relies too much on social norms, too many new categories have been added, loosen standard for diagnostics will add to already high rate of disorders
risk factors (psychological disorders)
characteristics, experiences or exposures that increases the likelihood that one will develop a disorder
applied behavior analysis
use of operant conditioning principles to change human behavior (treatment for ASD (autism spectrum disorder))
what will someone with a anxiety disorder experience
fears that are uncontrollable, and disproportionate to the actual danger one may be in (disrupts ordinary life)
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
experience anxiety persistently for at least 6 months and unable to specifically identify reasons for anxiety
panic disorder
when a individual experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and no specific cause
specific phobias
person has a irrational, overwhelming, persistent of a particular object or situation. explanations of phobias on experiences, memories, and learned associations
post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event that overwhelms a persons ability to cope
depressive disorders
disorder where someone suffers from depression
major depressive disorder (MDD)
significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics (lethargy & hopelessness), for at least two weeks
bipolar disorder
disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania (overexcited, unrealistic, optimistic state)
narcissist personality disorder
fragile self esteem, need for attention, sense of entitlement, envy, mistreatment
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation (significantly low body weight compared to what it should be, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image)
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder where a person consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern, go on eating binge then purge by self inflicted vomiting or laxatives
binge eating disorder (BED)
eating disorder where a person consumes large amounts of food and feel out of control over eating (eat quickly, eat when not hungry)
what psychological disorder has the highest mortality rate
anorexia nervosa
sympathetic nervous system cope with stress
regulates the stress response via the hypothalamus
eustress
good form of stress, low to moderate in intensity, associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance
acute stress
stress that occurs for the first month after even (traumatic)
chronic stress
feeling of stress over long period of time
4 stages of general adaption syndrome
stage 1: good health
stage 2: alarm stage (stressful/traumatic event occurs)
stage 3: resistance stage (high resistance)
stage 4: exhaustion stage (breakdown/burnout)
immune system and stress
immune and digestive system are shut down to provide all necessary energy to respond to perceived threat
coping skills
seek to master, minimize, or tolerate stress and stressors that occur in everyday life (can be learned)
adaptive coping skills role
goal of reducing or dealing with stress
coping skill maladaptive
trying to use maladaptive behavior to reduce stress results in dysfunctional and non-productive
neurologically important to practice adaptive coping skills
a person with a more positive demeanor and outlook on life will perceive less stress and be better equipped to handle stress when it does come
why is substance use a dangerous coping mechanism
because it is very harmful in long term
stimulants affect on brain
excite or speed up brain and functions
depressants affect on brain
inhibit and slow down the brain & body
hallucinogens affect on brain
impair the brain and body’s perception of reality
goals of community resilience model (CRM)
- help people widen the resilient zone (better able to handle life stressors)
- help people reset their nervous system (bring back to into balance after stressful/traumatic event)
- prevent the hijacking of the nervous system
six skills of CRM
- tracking
- help now
- resourcing
- grounding
- gesturing
- shift & stay
tracking
foundation for helping people balance their nervous system, paying attention to what is happening in you nervous system
help now
really helpful when you’re in that moment and need a immediate solution
resourcing
answering questions such as, who/what uplifts you, gives you strength, helps you get through hard times
grounding
direct contact of the body with something that provides support in the present moment, sense of self to the present moment
gesturing
can express and attitude and are usually right underneath our conscious awareness (can calm ourselves)
shift and stay
shifting attention from sensations that are unpleasant to sensations that are neutral or pleasant and staying there
what is the area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders
clinical psychology
biological therapies (biomedical)
treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning
psychotherapy (psychological therapies)
non-medical process that helps those with disorders recognize and overcome their problems
sociocultural therapies
view the person as part of a system of relationships that are influenced by social and cultural factors
benefits of talking to therapist vs. friend
therapist is professionally trained, and they have no bias, etc
what mental health professional is qualified to prescribe drugs for disorders
only psychiatrists and not psychologists can prescribe medication most of the time
psychotherapy effectiveness
psychotherapy has been proven to be affective for those who suffer from a disorder
evidence based practice
decisions on treatment made using best available research, and consider therapists clinical judgement and clients characteristics/culture/preferences
therapeutic alliance
relationship between therapist and client, important for psychotherapy to succeed
freud’s therapeutic technique
psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis
analyzing a persons unconscious conflicts, bring unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
psychodynamic therapies + goal
stress importance of unconscious mind, goal is to help people gain insight on unconscious conflicts that are source of their problems
humanistic therapies + goal
emphasis conscious thought over unconscious and self healing capacities. goal is to self understanding and personal growth
behavioral therapies + goal
use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior. goal is to eliminate symptoms or behaviors rather then just get insight
cognitive therapies + goal
emphasizes cognitions or thoughts are the main source of psychological problems. goal is to change pattern of thought that is causing maladaptive behavior
systematic desensitication
behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching client to associate deep relaxation with intense anxiety provoking situations
aversive conditioning
pairing of a problematic unconditioned stimulus with conditioned aversive stimuli to decrease their positive associations. effective when trying to avoid behaviors such as smoking, overeating, drinking alcohol
