Exam 3 Flashcards
Definition of micro nutrients
Naturally occur in foods in small amounts ,body needs in MG but grams are needed for macro nutrients
Major risk factors for hypertension or high blood pressure
Smoking and drinking excess alcohol, consuming NA+
List Fat soluble vitamins
vitamins A, D, E, K
can accumulate in the liver or adipose tissue
List the water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C and “B vitamins” -excess excreted in urine
Definition of alcohol tolerance
Prior drinking history (tolerance)
-Liver address to use your note EtOH amounts consumed
Difference between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins
Fat soluble can accumulate in liver while water soluble can be excreted by urine
Between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins which are more likely to cause toxicity and why
Fat soluble are more likely to be more toxic because they are stored in tissue why water soluble is excreted by urine
What Is the function of bile for Vitamin absorption
Helps fat – soluble vitamins be absorbed. And is absorbed in small intestine
What is the function of water in the human body
Waste removal
What is the precursor for vitamin A
Beta-carotene
What micro - nutrients are commonly added during the enrichment process
Are enriched with thiamin,riboflavin,niacin,folate and iron
What is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body (located in the digestive tract) 
Small intestine
Which cooking methods tend to lead to a loss of water soluble vitamins
Boiling
Identify cooking tips for enhancing the body‘s ability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins (What could you add to a cook vegetable to enhance Fat soluble vitamin absorption )
Add fats (oils) after cooking
What are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin a
Impaired immunity (infections) due to epithelial cells failing to differentiate which result in less of a barrier to infection
What can happen if a pregnant woman consumes too much vitamin a
Birth defects,permanent damage to the liver ,bones ,and eyes
Which vitamins can be made by the human body
Vitamin D
Which minerals are necessary for muscle contraction
Electrolytes
List natural sources of vitamin D in a diet
: fortified foods like milk, ready to eat cereals, orange juice, margarine
What are the DNA dual vitamins
Folate – involved in DNA synthesis
Vitamin B 12 – helps convert folate to coenzyme forms
What are the risk factors for osteomalacia And identify them in a real life scenario
Low sun exposure, older adults, people with kidney, liver, or G.I. disease
Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal bacteria 
Vitamin K
What are the deficiency symptoms for vitamin E
RBC Hemolysis-breakdown of red blood cells
What is a function for vitamin K
Blood clotting factors
What are good food sources of vitamin K
Green leafy vegetables, soy beans and canola oil’s, margarine and salad dressing, liver, intestinal production
Be able to identify major minerals that are not trace minerals
Calcium CA, chloride CL -, magnesium MG, Phosphorus P, potassium K, sodium in a comma sulfur S, silicone SI 
what does vitamin C help enhance the absorption of
Iron
What vitamin intrinsic factor helps absorb
Vitamin B 12
what are the signs and symptoms of pellagra
4 D’s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death
What happens when you expose milk to light
Reduce content of riboflavin
Which type of vitamins functions as co-enzymes
Water soluble vitamins- thiamin, riboflavin,niacin
What are the symptoms of consuming too much alcohol
Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causing hypertension, liver
Liver-liver pills with fat, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure
List various ways that the body illuminates water,beyond kidneys
Saliva, Sweat, and tears, mucus, joint fluid, blood
What are good food sources of calcium that are also highly bio available
Nonfat yogurt
Be able to list a type of individual that would be at a high risk for developing osteoporosis 
White male or Asian ancestry
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis And apply it in a real life situation
 smoking, low estrogen for women, low testosterone for men, sedentary lifestyle or bed confinement
 which minerals help maintain fluid balance 
Potassium and sodium
What are the symptoms of consuming too much fluoride
Create porous tooth enamel – teeth become strained and pitted
What is the normal range for hypertension ( systolic and diastolic blood pressure )
Normal = (systolic <120) (diastolic <80)
What would be considered high blood pressure and low blood pressure
Pre-hypertension= (Systolic 120–139) (diastolic 80–89)
Hypertension= ( systolic> or equal to 140) (Diastolic> Or equal to 90)
What are good food sources of potassium
Banana, tomato, orange juice
Identify good food sources of iron
Red meat and poultry, fish and shellfish, eggs, plants: enriched breads, leafy green vegetables, legumes and dried fruits
Identify a certain population who would be at the highest risk of magnesium deficiency
Alcoholics, uncontrolled diabetes, elderly, and medication‘s that increase urine output
What is the function of selenium 
Antioxidant
What drug classification is ethanol or alcohol classified as
Mind altering depressant drug
What is the amount of alcohol that is present in hard liquor as well as other types of alcohol like beer or wine foreign 
12 oz of beer or wine cooler, 5 oz of wine, 1 1/2 oz liquor
What are the long term consequences of excessive alcohol intake
Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causes hypertension
Liver – liver filled with that, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure
Identify a certain mineral that scientists are not sure whether is essential or not for humans
What are the primary source of sodium in the standard western diet
Large amounts in processed foods
Provide food sources of vitamin E 
Plant oils(Sunflower, safflower, olive)
Identify food sources of vitamin A or beta-carotene
Fruits and vegetables are red, orange, yellow, and deep green
Identify antioxidant
chemicals that protect cells from damage from certain environment factors such as oxidation
