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Nutrition Chapter > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of micro nutrients

A

Naturally occur in foods in small amounts ,body needs in MG but grams are needed for macro nutrients

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2
Q

Major risk factors for hypertension or high blood pressure

A

Smoking and drinking excess alcohol, consuming NA+

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3
Q

List Fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamins A, D, E, K
can accumulate in the liver or adipose tissue

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4
Q

List the water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C and “B vitamins” -excess excreted in urine

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5
Q

Definition of alcohol tolerance

A

Prior drinking history (tolerance)
-Liver address to use your note EtOH amounts consumed

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6
Q

Difference between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins

A

Fat soluble can accumulate in liver while water soluble can be excreted by urine

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7
Q

Between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins which are more likely to cause toxicity and why

A

Fat soluble are more likely to be more toxic because they are stored in tissue why water soluble is excreted by urine

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8
Q

What Is the function of bile for Vitamin absorption

A

Helps fat – soluble vitamins be absorbed. And is absorbed in small intestine

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9
Q

What is the function of water in the human body

A

Waste removal

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10
Q

What is the precursor for vitamin A

A

Beta-carotene

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11
Q

What micro - nutrients are commonly added during the enrichment process

A

Are enriched with thiamin,riboflavin,niacin,folate and iron

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12
Q

What is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body (located in the digestive tract) 

A

Small intestine

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13
Q

Which cooking methods tend to lead to a loss of water soluble vitamins

A

Boiling

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14
Q

Identify cooking tips for enhancing the body‘s ability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins (What could you add to a cook vegetable to enhance Fat soluble vitamin absorption )

A

Add fats (oils) after cooking

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15
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin a

A

Impaired immunity (infections) due to epithelial cells failing to differentiate which result in less of a barrier to infection

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16
Q

What can happen if a pregnant woman consumes too much vitamin a

A

Birth defects,permanent damage to the liver ,bones ,and eyes

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17
Q

Which vitamins can be made by the human body

A

Vitamin D

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18
Q

Which minerals are necessary for muscle contraction

A

Electrolytes

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19
Q

List natural sources of vitamin D in a diet

A

: fortified foods like milk, ready to eat cereals, orange juice, margarine

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20
Q

What are the DNA dual vitamins

A

Folate – involved in DNA synthesis
Vitamin B 12 – helps convert folate to coenzyme forms

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21
Q

What are the risk factors for osteomalacia And identify them in a real life scenario

A

Low sun exposure, older adults, people with kidney, liver, or G.I. disease

22
Q

Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal bacteria 

A

Vitamin K

23
Q

What are the deficiency symptoms for vitamin E

A

RBC Hemolysis-breakdown of red blood cells

24
Q

What is a function for vitamin K

A

Blood clotting factors

25
Q

What are good food sources of vitamin K

A

Green leafy vegetables, soy beans and canola oil’s, margarine and salad dressing, liver, intestinal production

26
Q

Be able to identify major minerals that are not trace minerals

A

Calcium CA, chloride CL -, magnesium MG, Phosphorus P, potassium K, sodium in a comma sulfur S, silicone SI 

27
Q

what does vitamin C help enhance the absorption of

A

Iron

28
Q

What vitamin intrinsic factor helps absorb

A

Vitamin B 12

29
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of pellagra

A

4 D’s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

30
Q

What happens when you expose milk to light

A

Reduce content of riboflavin

31
Q

Which type of vitamins functions as co-enzymes

A

Water soluble vitamins- thiamin, riboflavin,niacin

32
Q

What are the symptoms of consuming too much alcohol

A

Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causing hypertension, liver
Liver-liver pills with fat, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure

33
Q

List various ways that the body illuminates water,beyond kidneys

A

Saliva, Sweat, and tears, mucus, joint fluid, blood

34
Q

What are good food sources of calcium that are also highly bio available

A

Nonfat yogurt

35
Q

Be able to list a type of individual that would be at a high risk for developing osteoporosis 

A

White male or Asian ancestry

36
Q

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis And apply it in a real life situation

A

 smoking, low estrogen for women, low testosterone for men, sedentary lifestyle or bed confinement

37
Q

 which minerals help maintain fluid balance 

A

Potassium and sodium

38
Q

What are the symptoms of consuming too much fluoride

A

Create porous tooth enamel – teeth become strained and pitted

39
Q

What is the normal range for hypertension ( systolic and diastolic blood pressure )

A

Normal = (systolic <120) (diastolic <80)

40
Q

What would be considered high blood pressure and low blood pressure

A

Pre-hypertension= (Systolic 120–139) (diastolic 80–89)
Hypertension= ( systolic> or equal to 140) (Diastolic> Or equal to 90)

41
Q

What are good food sources of potassium

A

Banana, tomato, orange juice

42
Q

Identify good food sources of iron

A

Red meat and poultry, fish and shellfish, eggs, plants: enriched breads, leafy green vegetables, legumes and dried fruits

43
Q

Identify a certain population who would be at the highest risk of magnesium deficiency

A

Alcoholics, uncontrolled diabetes, elderly, and medication‘s that increase urine output

44
Q

What is the function of selenium 

A

Antioxidant

45
Q

What drug classification is ethanol or alcohol classified as

A

Mind altering depressant drug

46
Q

What is the amount of alcohol that is present in hard liquor as well as other types of alcohol like beer or wine foreign 

A

12 oz of beer or wine cooler, 5 oz of wine, 1 1/2 oz liquor

47
Q

What are the long term consequences of excessive alcohol intake

A

Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causes hypertension
Liver – liver filled with that, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure

48
Q

Identify a certain mineral that scientists are not sure whether is essential or not for humans

A
49
Q

What are the primary source of sodium in the standard western diet

A

Large amounts in processed foods

50
Q

Provide food sources of vitamin E 

A

Plant oils(Sunflower, safflower, olive)

51
Q

Identify food sources of vitamin A or beta-carotene

A

Fruits and vegetables are red, orange, yellow, and deep green

52
Q

Identify antioxidant

A

chemicals that protect cells from damage from certain environment factors such as oxidation

Nutrition Chapter (3 decks)

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