Exam 3 Flashcards by Jasmine Castaneda

Definition of micro nutrients

Naturally occur in foods in small amounts ,body needs in MG but grams are needed for macro nutrients

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Major risk factors for hypertension or high blood pressure

Smoking and drinking excess alcohol, consuming NA+

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List Fat soluble vitamins

vitamins A, D, E, K
can accumulate in the liver or adipose tissue

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List the water soluble vitamins

Vitamin C and “B vitamins” -excess excreted in urine

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Definition of alcohol tolerance

Prior drinking history (tolerance)
-Liver address to use your note EtOH amounts consumed

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Difference between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins

Fat soluble can accumulate in liver while water soluble can be excreted by urine

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Between fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins which are more likely to cause toxicity and why

Fat soluble are more likely to be more toxic because they are stored in tissue why water soluble is excreted by urine

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What Is the function of bile for Vitamin absorption

Helps fat – soluble vitamins be absorbed. And is absorbed in small intestine

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What is the function of water in the human body

Waste removal

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What is the precursor for vitamin A

Beta-carotene

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What micro - nutrients are commonly added during the enrichment process

Are enriched with thiamin,riboflavin,niacin,folate and iron

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What is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body (located in the digestive tract)

Small intestine

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Which cooking methods tend to lead to a loss of water soluble vitamins

Boiling

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Identify cooking tips for enhancing the body‘s ability to absorb fat-soluble vitamins (What could you add to a cook vegetable to enhance Fat soluble vitamin absorption )

Add fats (oils) after cooking

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What are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin a

Impaired immunity (infections) due to epithelial cells failing to differentiate which result in less of a barrier to infection

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What can happen if a pregnant woman consumes too much vitamin a

Birth defects,permanent damage to the liver ,bones ,and eyes

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Which vitamins can be made by the human body

Vitamin D

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Which minerals are necessary for muscle contraction

Electrolytes

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List natural sources of vitamin D in a diet

: fortified foods like milk, ready to eat cereals, orange juice, margarine

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What are the DNA dual vitamins

Folate – involved in DNA synthesis
Vitamin B 12 – helps convert folate to coenzyme forms

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What are the risk factors for osteomalacia And identify them in a real life scenario

Low sun exposure, older adults, people with kidney, liver, or G.I. disease

Which vitamin is synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Vitamin K

What are the deficiency symptoms for vitamin E

RBC Hemolysis-breakdown of red blood cells

What is a function for vitamin K

Blood clotting factors

What are good food sources of vitamin K

Green leafy vegetables, soy beans and canola oil’s, margarine and salad dressing, liver, intestinal production

Be able to identify major minerals that are not trace minerals

Calcium CA, chloride CL -, magnesium MG, Phosphorus P, potassium K, sodium in a comma sulfur S, silicone SI

what does vitamin C help enhance the absorption of

Iron

What vitamin intrinsic factor helps absorb

Vitamin B 12

what are the signs and symptoms of pellagra

4 D’s diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

What happens when you expose milk to light

Reduce content of riboflavin

Which type of vitamins functions as co-enzymes

Water soluble vitamins- thiamin, riboflavin,niacin

What are the symptoms of consuming too much alcohol

Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causing hypertension, liver Liver-liver pills with fat, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure

List various ways that the body illuminates water,beyond kidneys

Saliva, Sweat, and tears, mucus, joint fluid, blood

What are good food sources of calcium that are also highly bio available

Nonfat yogurt

Be able to list a type of individual that would be at a high risk for developing osteoporosis

White male or Asian ancestry

What are the risk factors for osteoporosis And apply it in a real life situation

smoking, low estrogen for women, low testosterone for men, sedentary lifestyle or bed confinement

which minerals help maintain fluid balance

Potassium and sodium

What are the symptoms of consuming too much fluoride

Create porous tooth enamel – teeth become strained and pitted

What is the normal range for hypertension ( systolic and diastolic blood pressure )

Normal = (systolic <120) (diastolic <80)

What would be considered high blood pressure and low blood pressure

Pre-hypertension= (Systolic 120–139) (diastolic 80–89) Hypertension= ( systolic> or equal to 140) (Diastolic> Or equal to 90)

What are good food sources of potassium

Banana, tomato, orange juice

Identify good food sources of iron

Red meat and poultry, fish and shellfish, eggs, plants: enriched breads, leafy green vegetables, legumes and dried fruits

Identify a certain population who would be at the highest risk of magnesium deficiency

Alcoholics, uncontrolled diabetes, elderly, and medication‘s that increase urine output

What is the function of selenium

Antioxidant

What drug classification is ethanol or alcohol classified as

Mind altering depressant drug

What is the amount of alcohol that is present in hard liquor as well as other types of alcohol like beer or wine foreign

12 oz of beer or wine cooler, 5 oz of wine, 1 1/2 oz liquor

What are the long term consequences of excessive alcohol intake

Heart damage-heart muscles resulting in enlargement of heart and heart failure, causes hypertension Liver – liver filled with that, resulting in hepatitis cirrhosis, And liver Failure

Identify a certain mineral that scientists are not sure whether is essential or not for humans

What are the primary source of sodium in the standard western diet

Large amounts in processed foods

Provide food sources of vitamin E

Plant oils(Sunflower, safflower, olive)

Identify food sources of vitamin A or beta-carotene

Fruits and vegetables are red, orange, yellow, and deep green

Identify antioxidant

chemicals that protect cells from damage from certain environment factors such as oxidation