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Nutrition Chapter > Chapter 5-7 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-7 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is soluble fiber

A

Fiber that can be dissolved in water, are viscous and gel forming

Can reduce risk of cardiovascular diease and type 2 diabetes

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2
Q

Where is solvable fiber found

A

Fruits , berries , oats, legumes , cooked beans

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3
Q

What is insoluble fiber

A

Doesn’t not dissolve in water , are non-viscous

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4
Q

What is the primary fuel source for all cells in the body

A

One of three macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Found in sugar, starches , and most fiber

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5
Q

What are the three dietary monosaccharides for humans

A

Glucose
Galactose
Fructose

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6
Q

Monosaccharide : glucose

Where do you get it and what does it fuel

A

Sources : fruits and vegetables like grapes , berries, corn , carrots

Fuels : muscle cells , red blood cells , nervous system cells

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7
Q

Monosaccharides : fructose

Where to get it and what we use it for

A

Source : fruit , honey and some vegetables
Used to sweeten food, high fructose corn syrup

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8
Q

Def. Monosaccharides

A

The basic unit of carbohydrate

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9
Q

What is a sub for dairy if you are lactose intolerant

A

Soy milk

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10
Q

What are the benefits of consuming whole grain

A

They are high in fiber , make you feel full, makes it easier to maintain body weight which leads to help with cholesterol , heart diese , and diabetes

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11
Q

What hormone does the beta cells of the pancreas produce

A

Insulin

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12
Q

Polysaccharides are also known as

A

Starch

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13
Q

Where is starch found

A

Storage form in plants

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14
Q

What foods have starch

A

Seeds, roots, and tubers
- wheat, rice, barely, oats
- breads and cereals
- vegatables ( corn , squash , beans , peas )
- tubers ( potatoes , yams, taro, cassava, jicama

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15
Q

For artificial sweeteners which one provides calories

A

Sucralose
Provide 0 kcals

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16
Q

Be able to identify sources of carbohydrates

A

Sugars, starches , and most fiber

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17
Q

What common foods are associated with food allergies

A

Typically are proteins
Like milk fish , soy beans, nuts , peanuts fish

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18
Q

What’s foods can we recommend to lower cholesterol

A

High in omega 3 - fish
Soluble fiber - beans ,eggplant, nuts

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19
Q

What are rage risk actors for type 2 diabetes

A

Physically inactive
Overweight or obese
Genetically predisposed
Ethically predisposed

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20
Q

What is the function of glucagon

A

Hormone that controls blood glucose levels when you haven’t eaten in a while

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21
Q

What is the function of insulin

A

Controls blood glucose after a meal

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22
Q

What is the chemical name for table sugar

A

Disaccharide: sucrose combination of glucose and fructose and is major source in American diet

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23
Q

What does the body produce when on a low carbohydrate diet

A

They use proteins to use for gluconeogenesis ( makes glucose )

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24
Q

Sighs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes

A

Increase appetite with weight lose
Breath smells like fruit
Fatigue
Confusion

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25
Q

What is the function of lipids

A

Cell membrane maintenance

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26
Q

Def. Ketosis

A

Process of fat break down during fasting states

27
Q

When are ketones bodies produces

A

Process of braking down fat during fasting for results in ketone bodies

28
Q

What are ketone bodies

A

Chemicals that result from the incomplete metabolism of fat

29
Q

What is the chemical structure of saturated fats

A

Hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon bond in chains
NO DOUBLE BONDS

30
Q

What are the essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic acids
- Found in vegetable and nut oil
- arachidonic acids
Alpha linolenic acids
- found in vegetables fish and fish oils
-

31
Q

What foods are rich in saturated fats

A

Vegetable oils
Coconut oil and palm oil

32
Q

Source for unsaturated fats

A

Avocado peanuts olive oils

33
Q

What foods contain trans - fat

A

Crackers cookies , cakes , baked goods ,fast food

34
Q

Where does lipid digestion occur

A

Small intestine

35
Q

Good source for omega 3 that’s a poly saturated fat

A

Fish and fish oil

36
Q

What foods raise cholesterol

A

Saturated fats
Meat , butter , cheese egg yolk , poultry , dairy products

37
Q

What is the largest lipoprotein

A

Chylomicrons

38
Q

What is a lecithin

A

Major phospholipid in food
Found in egg yolks, liver , soy beans

39
Q

What is the function of fat in cooking

A

Provides flavor and texture In foods

40
Q

What does a bile-salt do

A

Make it easier for your body to absorb and digest fats and fat soluble vitamins

41
Q

What percentage of total calories should be saturated fat

A

Less than 10 percent

42
Q

How many calories are in one gram of carbs

A

4

43
Q

How many calories are in 1 gram of protein

A

4

44
Q

How many calories are in one gram of fats

A

9 caloiesb

45
Q

What is a stroke

A

Atherosclerosis - related disease
Braun attack - clots and blocks artery to the brain

46
Q

What is the healthy range for total cholesterol for AMDR

A

20-35% of all calories

47
Q

Recommended for fats and cholesterol intake AHA

A

Less than 25-35%

48
Q

Recommended for fats and cholesterol intake ; dietary guidelines

For saturated fats

A

Less than 10% from SFA

49
Q

What are the building blocks of porteins

A

Amino acids

50
Q

What is the function of a protein

A

Maintain certain hormones
Provide energy
Build structures

51
Q

What is the chemical structure of amino acids

A
52
Q

What type of chemical bond connects two amino acids together

A

Peptide bond

53
Q

What is the RDA of protein

A

0.8 g/kg of body weight

54
Q

How to calculate RDA of protein based on your weight

A

1, divided pounds by 2.2 to get kg
Multiple kg by 0.8 to obtain the grams

55
Q

What is celiac diease

A

Autoimmune response in the small internecine to gluten

56
Q

Common deficiencies of vegan diet

A

Lack of Vitamin b12
Low Engel
Lack omega 3

57
Q

Sub for flour for someone with Celiac

A

Cornmeal instead

58
Q

Examples of legumes

A

Plants that produce a single row of seeds like soy beans

59
Q

What best plant can replace meat

A

Legumes like soy beans

60
Q

Source of high quality protein

A

Complete proteins
2 plus foods that together supply all 9 essential AA for a complete protein

Ex bagel topped with soy nut butter

Quinoa and processed soy

61
Q

What foods are allows in a vegan diet

A

Only plant products

62
Q

Foods in a lactos- vegan diet

A

Consumes milks and milk products like yogurt , ice cream

63
Q

Risk of excessive protein

A

Dehydration
Increase ammonia production
Converted to urea

Nutrition Chapter (3 decks)

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