Chapter 5-7 Exam 2 Flashcards
What is soluble fiber
Fiber that can be dissolved in water, are viscous and gel forming
Can reduce risk of cardiovascular diease and type 2 diabetes
Where is solvable fiber found
Fruits , berries , oats, legumes , cooked beans
What is insoluble fiber
Doesn’t not dissolve in water , are non-viscous
What is the primary fuel source for all cells in the body
One of three macronutrients
Carbohydrates
Found in sugar, starches , and most fiber
What are the three dietary monosaccharides for humans
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Monosaccharide : glucose
Where do you get it and what does it fuel
Sources : fruits and vegetables like grapes , berries, corn , carrots
Fuels : muscle cells , red blood cells , nervous system cells
Monosaccharides : fructose
Where to get it and what we use it for
Source : fruit , honey and some vegetables
Used to sweeten food, high fructose corn syrup
Def. Monosaccharides
The basic unit of carbohydrate
What is a sub for dairy if you are lactose intolerant
Soy milk
What are the benefits of consuming whole grain
They are high in fiber , make you feel full, makes it easier to maintain body weight which leads to help with cholesterol , heart diese , and diabetes
What hormone does the beta cells of the pancreas produce
Insulin
Polysaccharides are also known as
Starch
Where is starch found
Storage form in plants
What foods have starch
Seeds, roots, and tubers
- wheat, rice, barely, oats
- breads and cereals
- vegatables ( corn , squash , beans , peas )
- tubers ( potatoes , yams, taro, cassava, jicama
For artificial sweeteners which one provides calories
Sucralose
Provide 0 kcals
Be able to identify sources of carbohydrates
Sugars, starches , and most fiber
What common foods are associated with food allergies
Typically are proteins
Like milk fish , soy beans, nuts , peanuts fish
What’s foods can we recommend to lower cholesterol
High in omega 3 - fish
Soluble fiber - beans ,eggplant, nuts
What are rage risk actors for type 2 diabetes
Physically inactive
Overweight or obese
Genetically predisposed
Ethically predisposed
What is the function of glucagon
Hormone that controls blood glucose levels when you haven’t eaten in a while
What is the function of insulin
Controls blood glucose after a meal
What is the chemical name for table sugar
Disaccharide: sucrose combination of glucose and fructose and is major source in American diet
What does the body produce when on a low carbohydrate diet
They use proteins to use for gluconeogenesis ( makes glucose )
Sighs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes
Increase appetite with weight lose
Breath smells like fruit
Fatigue
Confusion
What is the function of lipids
Cell membrane maintenance
Def. Ketosis
Process of fat break down during fasting states
When are ketones bodies produces
Process of braking down fat during fasting for results in ketone bodies
What are ketone bodies
Chemicals that result from the incomplete metabolism of fat
What is the chemical structure of saturated fats
Hydrogen atoms surrounding every carbon bond in chains
NO DOUBLE BONDS
What are the essential fatty acids
Linoleic acids
- Found in vegetable and nut oil
- arachidonic acids
Alpha linolenic acids
- found in vegetables fish and fish oils
-
What foods are rich in saturated fats
Vegetable oils
Coconut oil and palm oil
Source for unsaturated fats
Avocado peanuts olive oils
What foods contain trans - fat
Crackers cookies , cakes , baked goods ,fast food
Where does lipid digestion occur
Small intestine
Good source for omega 3 that’s a poly saturated fat
Fish and fish oil
What foods raise cholesterol
Saturated fats
Meat , butter , cheese egg yolk , poultry , dairy products
What is the largest lipoprotein
Chylomicrons
What is a lecithin
Major phospholipid in food
Found in egg yolks, liver , soy beans
What is the function of fat in cooking
Provides flavor and texture In foods
What does a bile-salt do
Make it easier for your body to absorb and digest fats and fat soluble vitamins
What percentage of total calories should be saturated fat
Less than 10 percent
How many calories are in one gram of carbs
4
How many calories are in 1 gram of protein
4
How many calories are in one gram of fats
9 caloiesb
What is a stroke
Atherosclerosis - related disease
Braun attack - clots and blocks artery to the brain
What is the healthy range for total cholesterol for AMDR
20-35% of all calories
Recommended for fats and cholesterol intake AHA
Less than 25-35%
Recommended for fats and cholesterol intake ; dietary guidelines
For saturated fats
Less than 10% from SFA
What are the building blocks of porteins
Amino acids
What is the function of a protein
Maintain certain hormones
Provide energy
Build structures
What is the chemical structure of amino acids
What type of chemical bond connects two amino acids together
Peptide bond
What is the RDA of protein
0.8 g/kg of body weight
How to calculate RDA of protein based on your weight
1, divided pounds by 2.2 to get kg
Multiple kg by 0.8 to obtain the grams
What is celiac diease
Autoimmune response in the small internecine to gluten
Common deficiencies of vegan diet
Lack of Vitamin b12
Low Engel
Lack omega 3
Sub for flour for someone with Celiac
Cornmeal instead
Examples of legumes
Plants that produce a single row of seeds like soy beans
What best plant can replace meat
Legumes like soy beans
Source of high quality protein
Complete proteins
2 plus foods that together supply all 9 essential AA for a complete protein
Ex bagel topped with soy nut butter
Quinoa and processed soy
What foods are allows in a vegan diet
Only plant products
Foods in a lactos- vegan diet
Consumes milks and milk products like yogurt , ice cream
Risk of excessive protein
Dehydration
Increase ammonia production
Converted to urea
