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Nutrition Chapter > Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is diet ? (Must know)

A

Your diet is your usual pattern of food

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2
Q

Define metabolism

Must know

A

Total of all chemical reactions in cells:
- energy generation
- protein production
- waste elimination

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3
Q

Define micronutrients

A

Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body function

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4
Q

Examples of micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

What are the 4 energy suppliers

A

Fats ( lipids) , carbohydrates, protein , alcohol

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6
Q

Define phytochemical ( caffeine)

A

Made by plants and have some type of biological activity in the body.

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7
Q

No good or bad foods

A

Bad or junk foods still have nutrients

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8
Q

Define empty calorie foods

A

High calorie from unhealthy fats, added sugar and or alcohol

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9
Q

Define nutrient- dense food

A

High ratio of vitamins and minerals to calories

Like greens, fat free milk , lean meats

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10
Q

Define energy dense foods

A

High fats-food are energy dense because they are concentrated sources if energy.

most fruits aren’t energy dense because they have more water than fat

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11
Q

Anecdote

Must know

A

A short and amusing story about a real incident or person

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12
Q

Define Control group

A

Group separated from the rest of the experiment

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13
Q

Placebo effect

A

Fake treatment , sham pill

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14
Q

What macronutrients supply energy

Must know

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What is an example of a micro nutrients

Must know

A

Vitamins and minerals

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16
Q

Definition of essential nutrient

Must know

A

Nutrients that the body cannot make for its self so must be supplied in diet

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17
Q

What is a energy dense vs nutrient dense food

Must know

A

High fat foods are energy dense bc they are concentrated source of energy

Nutrient dense high ration of vitamins and minerals to calories

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a control group

Must know

A

Bases start of experiment

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19
Q

What is photochemical and what foods supply this
Must know

A

Made by plants and have some type of biological activity. Gives plants their characteristics like aroma, color, flavor

EX caffeine

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20
Q

Carbohydrates have how many kcals per gram

Must know

A

4

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21
Q

Protein has how much kcals per gram

A

4 kcals per gram

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22
Q

Alcohol has how many kcals per gram

MUST KNOW

A

7 kcals per gram

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23
Q

Fats have how make kcals per gram

A

9 kcals per gram

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24
Q

How to treat GERD ( heart burn )

must know

A

Antacids, lose excessive weight, don’t lie down right after a meal, don’t over eat, avoid smoking, avoid problematic foods

25
What is an empty calorie Must know
High calorie foods from unhealthy fats and added sugars and or alcohol Ex soda , junk food
26
What is energy dense food Must know
High energy dense food with fats
27
Scientific method in steps Must know
Observe Develop a question Test Collect to information Analyze the findings Form conclusion Share results Conduct more research
28
What is the purpose of the FTC federal trade commission
Investigates false or misleading health claims
29
What are the credentials of someone who is reliable to ask nutrient information Must know
Registered dietitian
30
Definition of quackery Must know
Anything involving over promotion in the field of health
31
What is the peer review process and why is it important Must know
Journals send copy of article to peer reviewers , scientist who are qualified to judge findings
32
Def. Nutrient requirement Know
Smallest amount of nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutrient health
33
Def. Tolerable upper limit of nutrient Know
Highest average amount that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily
34
What is RDA Know
Recommended dietary allowance Standards for recommendations daily intakes of serval nutrients to meet the needs of must people R is for recommended not required
35
Def. Peristalsis Know
Swallowing stimulates peristalsis
36
What is chylomicron Know
Particles that transport lipids into bloodstream
37
Where do chylomicrons do after they’re formed Know
They enter lacteals Travel through lymphatic system Initially b pass the liver
38
What is the purpose of villa in the small intestine Know
Main site of absorption
39
Nuts and seeds fall under what Know
Protein
40
What is provided in the nutrient facts label Know
Total fats Specific fats Sodium Total carbs Added sugar Fiber Sugars Protein Vitamin a and c Calcium Iron Per serving Ingredients
41
What is the placebo affects Know
Fake treatment Sham pill
42
What is the purpose of my plate Know
Interactive dietary and menu planning guide
43
How many grams or less should a product have to be considered low fat Know
3 grams or less for every 100 calories
44
Specific supplement that is poisonous Know
Ma huang
45
What is the function of the digestive system Know
Process by which foods components are broken down
46
Taste buds Tip of tongue
Sweet
47
Taste buds Side of tongue
Sour salty
48
Taste buds Back of tongue
Bitter
49
What is the function of saliva c Know
Watery fluid that contains digestive juices Helps with swallowing
50
What is the endocrine system Know
Hormone system Chemical messenger
51
Where does digestion begin Know
The mouth
52
Mechanical vs chemical digestion Know
Mechanical is physical break down , chewing mixing Chemical , enzymes acids
53
Function of stomach Know
Churns food, mixing it with gastric juice
54
Chyme def Know
Mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food
55
What are the organs for digestion Know
Teeth Tongue Salivary glands Liver Gall bladder Pancreas
56
What macro nutrients starts in the mouth Know
Carbohydrates
57
What food group does starch fall into Know
Carbohydrates
58
What is catabolism Know
Breakdown of larger substances into smaller ones Example muscles cells breaking down glucose to produce heat
59
Recommendations for treating IBS Know
Stress management Higher fiber diet Fluids Avoiding offending food Anti depressants

Nutrition Chapter (3 decks)

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