Chapter 1-4 Flashcards
What is diet ? (Must know)
Your diet is your usual pattern of food
Define metabolism
Must know
Total of all chemical reactions in cells:
- energy generation
- protein production
- waste elimination
Define micronutrients
Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body function
Examples of micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
What are the 4 energy suppliers
Fats ( lipids) , carbohydrates, protein , alcohol
Define phytochemical ( caffeine)
Made by plants and have some type of biological activity in the body.
No good or bad foods
Bad or junk foods still have nutrients
Define empty calorie foods
High calorie from unhealthy fats, added sugar and or alcohol
Define nutrient- dense food
High ratio of vitamins and minerals to calories
Like greens, fat free milk , lean meats
Define energy dense foods
High fats-food are energy dense because they are concentrated sources if energy.
most fruits aren’t energy dense because they have more water than fat
Anecdote
Must know
A short and amusing story about a real incident or person
Define Control group
Group separated from the rest of the experiment
Placebo effect
Fake treatment , sham pill
What macronutrients supply energy
Must know
Carbohydrates
What is an example of a micro nutrients
Must know
Vitamins and minerals
Definition of essential nutrient
Must know
Nutrients that the body cannot make for its self so must be supplied in diet
What is a energy dense vs nutrient dense food
Must know
High fat foods are energy dense bc they are concentrated source of energy
Nutrient dense high ration of vitamins and minerals to calories
What is the purpose of a control group
Must know
Bases start of experiment
What is photochemical and what foods supply this
Must know
Made by plants and have some type of biological activity. Gives plants their characteristics like aroma, color, flavor
EX caffeine
Carbohydrates have how many kcals per gram
Must know
4
Protein has how much kcals per gram
4 kcals per gram
Alcohol has how many kcals per gram
MUST KNOW
7 kcals per gram
Fats have how make kcals per gram
9 kcals per gram
How to treat GERD ( heart burn )
must know
Antacids, lose excessive weight, don’t lie down right after a meal, don’t over eat, avoid smoking, avoid problematic foods
What is an empty calorie
Must know
High calorie foods from unhealthy fats and added sugars and or alcohol
Ex soda , junk food
What is energy dense food
Must know
High energy dense food with fats
Scientific method in steps
Must know
Observe
Develop a question
Test
Collect to information
Analyze the findings
Form conclusion
Share results
Conduct more research
What is the purpose of the FTC federal trade commission
Investigates false or misleading health claims
What are the credentials of someone who is reliable to ask nutrient information
Must know
Registered dietitian
Definition of quackery
Must know
Anything involving over promotion in the field of health
What is the peer review process and why is it important
Must know
Journals send copy of article to peer reviewers , scientist who are qualified to judge findings
Def. Nutrient requirement
Know
Smallest amount of nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutrient health
Def. Tolerable upper limit of nutrient
Know
Highest average amount that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily
What is RDA
Know
Recommended dietary allowance
Standards for recommendations daily intakes of serval nutrients to meet the needs of must people
R is for recommended not required
Def. Peristalsis
Know
Swallowing stimulates peristalsis
What is chylomicron
Know
Particles that transport lipids into bloodstream
Where do chylomicrons do after they’re formed
Know
They enter lacteals
Travel through lymphatic system
Initially b pass the liver
What is the purpose of villa in the small intestine
Know
Main site of absorption
Nuts and seeds fall under what
Know
Protein
What is provided in the nutrient facts label
Know
Total fats
Specific fats
Sodium
Total carbs
Added sugar
Fiber
Sugars
Protein
Vitamin a and c
Calcium
Iron
Per serving
Ingredients
What is the placebo affects
Know
Fake treatment
Sham pill
What is the purpose of my plate
Know
Interactive dietary and menu planning guide
How many grams or less should a product have to be considered low fat
Know
3 grams or less for every 100 calories
Specific supplement that is poisonous
Know
Ma huang
What is the function of the digestive system
Know
Process by which foods components are broken down
Taste buds
Tip of tongue
Sweet
Taste buds
Side of tongue
Sour salty
Taste buds
Back of tongue
Bitter
What is the function of saliva c
Know
Watery fluid that contains digestive juices
Helps with swallowing
What is the endocrine system
Know
Hormone system
Chemical messenger
Where does digestion begin
Know
The mouth
Mechanical vs chemical digestion
Know
Mechanical is physical break down , chewing mixing
Chemical , enzymes acids
Function of stomach
Know
Churns food, mixing it with gastric juice
Chyme def
Know
Mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food
What are the organs for digestion
Know
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas
What macro nutrients starts in the mouth
Know
Carbohydrates
What food group does starch fall into
Know
Carbohydrates
What is catabolism
Know
Breakdown of larger substances into smaller ones
Example muscles cells breaking down glucose to produce heat
Recommendations for treating IBS
Know
Stress management
Higher fiber diet
Fluids
Avoiding offending food
Anti depressants
