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Nutrition Chapter > Chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is diet ? (Must know)

A

Your diet is your usual pattern of food

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2
Q

Define metabolism

Must know

A

Total of all chemical reactions in cells:
- energy generation
- protein production
- waste elimination

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3
Q

Define micronutrients

A

Nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body function

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4
Q

Examples of micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

What are the 4 energy suppliers

A

Fats ( lipids) , carbohydrates, protein , alcohol

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6
Q

Define phytochemical ( caffeine)

A

Made by plants and have some type of biological activity in the body.

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7
Q

No good or bad foods

A

Bad or junk foods still have nutrients

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8
Q

Define empty calorie foods

A

High calorie from unhealthy fats, added sugar and or alcohol

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9
Q

Define nutrient- dense food

A

High ratio of vitamins and minerals to calories

Like greens, fat free milk , lean meats

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10
Q

Define energy dense foods

A

High fats-food are energy dense because they are concentrated sources if energy.

most fruits aren’t energy dense because they have more water than fat

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11
Q

Anecdote

Must know

A

A short and amusing story about a real incident or person

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12
Q

Define Control group

A

Group separated from the rest of the experiment

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13
Q

Placebo effect

A

Fake treatment , sham pill

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14
Q

What macronutrients supply energy

Must know

A

Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What is an example of a micro nutrients

Must know

A

Vitamins and minerals

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16
Q

Definition of essential nutrient

Must know

A

Nutrients that the body cannot make for its self so must be supplied in diet

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17
Q

What is a energy dense vs nutrient dense food

Must know

A

High fat foods are energy dense bc they are concentrated source of energy

Nutrient dense high ration of vitamins and minerals to calories

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a control group

Must know

A

Bases start of experiment

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19
Q

What is photochemical and what foods supply this
Must know

A

Made by plants and have some type of biological activity. Gives plants their characteristics like aroma, color, flavor

EX caffeine

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20
Q

Carbohydrates have how many kcals per gram

Must know

A

4

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21
Q

Protein has how much kcals per gram

A

4 kcals per gram

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22
Q

Alcohol has how many kcals per gram

MUST KNOW

A

7 kcals per gram

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23
Q

Fats have how make kcals per gram

A

9 kcals per gram

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24
Q

How to treat GERD ( heart burn )

must know

A

Antacids, lose excessive weight, don’t lie down right after a meal, don’t over eat, avoid smoking, avoid problematic foods

25
Q

What is an empty calorie

Must know

A

High calorie foods from unhealthy fats and added sugars and or alcohol

Ex soda , junk food

26
Q

What is energy dense food

Must know

A

High energy dense food with fats

27
Q

Scientific method in steps

Must know

A

Observe
Develop a question
Test
Collect to information
Analyze the findings
Form conclusion
Share results
Conduct more research

28
Q

What is the purpose of the FTC federal trade commission

A

Investigates false or misleading health claims

29
Q

What are the credentials of someone who is reliable to ask nutrient information

Must know

A

Registered dietitian

30
Q

Definition of quackery

Must know

A

Anything involving over promotion in the field of health

31
Q

What is the peer review process and why is it important

Must know

A

Journals send copy of article to peer reviewers , scientist who are qualified to judge findings

32
Q

Def. Nutrient requirement

Know

A

Smallest amount of nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutrient health

33
Q

Def. Tolerable upper limit of nutrient

Know

A

Highest average amount that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily

34
Q

What is RDA

Know

A

Recommended dietary allowance

Standards for recommendations daily intakes of serval nutrients to meet the needs of must people

R is for recommended not required

35
Q

Def. Peristalsis

Know

A

Swallowing stimulates peristalsis

36
Q

What is chylomicron

Know

A

Particles that transport lipids into bloodstream

37
Q

Where do chylomicrons do after they’re formed

Know

A

They enter lacteals

Travel through lymphatic system
Initially b pass the liver

38
Q

What is the purpose of villa in the small intestine

Know

A

Main site of absorption

39
Q

Nuts and seeds fall under what

Know

A

Protein

40
Q

What is provided in the nutrient facts label

Know

A

Total fats
Specific fats
Sodium
Total carbs
Added sugar
Fiber
Sugars
Protein
Vitamin a and c
Calcium
Iron
Per serving
Ingredients

41
Q

What is the placebo affects

Know

A

Fake treatment
Sham pill

42
Q

What is the purpose of my plate

Know

A

Interactive dietary and menu planning guide

43
Q

How many grams or less should a product have to be considered low fat

Know

A

3 grams or less for every 100 calories

44
Q

Specific supplement that is poisonous

Know

A

Ma huang

45
Q

What is the function of the digestive system

Know

A

Process by which foods components are broken down

46
Q

Taste buds

Tip of tongue

A

Sweet

47
Q

Taste buds

Side of tongue

A

Sour salty

48
Q

Taste buds

Back of tongue

A

Bitter

49
Q

What is the function of saliva c

Know

A

Watery fluid that contains digestive juices
Helps with swallowing

50
Q

What is the endocrine system

Know

A

Hormone system

Chemical messenger

51
Q

Where does digestion begin

Know

A

The mouth

52
Q

Mechanical vs chemical digestion

Know

A

Mechanical is physical break down , chewing mixing
Chemical , enzymes acids

53
Q

Function of stomach

Know

A

Churns food, mixing it with gastric juice

54
Q

Chyme def

Know

A

Mixture of gastric juices and partially digested food

55
Q

What are the organs for digestion

Know

A

Teeth
Tongue
Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

56
Q

What macro nutrients starts in the mouth

Know

A

Carbohydrates

57
Q

What food group does starch fall into

Know

A

Carbohydrates

58
Q

What is catabolism

Know

A

Breakdown of larger substances into smaller ones

Example muscles cells breaking down glucose to produce heat

59
Q

Recommendations for treating IBS

Know

A

Stress management
Higher fiber diet
Fluids
Avoiding offending food
Anti depressants

Nutrition Chapter (3 decks)

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