Exam #3 Flashcards
preschoolers have a new sense of purpose
Play is the primary means of developing this
this occurs when preschoolers are overly criticized
Initiative vs. Guilt
an individual’s understanding of who he is
Self Concept
one’s judgment about one’s worth and the feelings associated with those judgements
Self-esteem
ability to control when and how emotions are expressed
related to executive function
Emotional Regulation
What accounts for improvement in emotional regulation
Brain maturation
Genes
Culture
Care History
understanding of how to interpret and express emotions
Emotional Intelligence
this is an important context for the development of self-regulation
Play
used to get or keep a toy
Instrumental Aggression
angry retaliation for an intentional or accidental act
Reactive Aggression
intended to inflict psychological, not physical pain
Relational Aggression
unprovoked attack, repeated
Bullying
children play with toys by themselves, independent of others
Solitary Play
Children observe other children at play without overtly joining in
Onlooker play
Child plays near others with similar materials but doesn’t try to influence them
Parallel Play
children engage in separate activities but interact by exchanging toys and commenting on each other’s behavior
Associative Play
Children orient toward a common goal
Cooperative Play
Sociodramatic and Rough/Tumble
Two types of cooperative play
one’s sense of self as male or female
Gender Identity
biological differences between males and females
Sex Differences
differences in the roles and behaviors of the two sexes
Gender Differences
Little Boys have an unconscious desire to replace their dad and win their mother’s exclusive love
Oedipal Complex
Psychoanalytical Theory
were willing to listen about why kids broke rules, most successful
Authoritative Parenting
passive parenting
Permissive Parenting
strict, no negotiation
Authoritarian Parenting
Neglectful
Uninvolved Parenting
Dialogue and action should be linked
Avoids quick cuts or transitions
Slow linear and plenty of repetition
Programs best for Preschoolers
time of steady and slow growth
death rate is lowest
obesity is starting to be a growing problem
Middle Childhood
a field of study in which knowledge of normal development is applied to the study and treatment of psychological disorders
Psychopathology
one cause can have many final manifestations
Multifinality
one cause can have many final manifestations
Multifinality
one symptom can have many causes
Equifinality
impaired social interaction
impaired communication
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior
Core Symptoms of Autism
Lack of interest in Face
Lack of social references
Failure to develop theory of mind
Impaired social interaction
Core Symptoms: Inattention, Hyperactivity
Treatment: stimulant medication
ADHD
practical application of linguistic knowledge
Pragmatics
the understanding of other people and groups
Social Cognition
high rates of conflict, Deficient in social understanding
Rejected-aggressive
passive, socially awkward
Rejected-withdrawn
refers to legal and genetic connections among related people
Family Structure
how the family works or what it does
family function
certain characteristics remain the same when other characteristics are changed
Identity
ability to mentally go through series of steps then reverse the steps
Reversibility
thought is more logical, flexible, and organized (7-11)
Concrete Operational Stage
things may change in opposite ways
Compensation
being able to organize objects into classes and subclasses
Hierarchical Classification
ability to order items along quantitative dimensions
Seriation
mental rotations, cognitive maps
Spatial Reasoning
plan their moves
Planning
thought is organized and logical only when dealing with concrete information
Limitations of Concrete Operations
unlimited but short in duration, if info is not attended to it is lost
Sensory Memory
Conscious part of processing system, limited capacity and duration
Working Memory
permanent memory store, unlimited capacity, highly organized
Long term memory
