Exam #2

Question 1

distress and contentment

Answer 1

first emotions

Question 2

coordinated interaction between mom and baby
helps infants learn when and how to express their emotions

Answer 2

Synchrony

Question 3

look to others for cues on how to react

Answer 3

Social Referencing

Question 4

pride, confidence, embarrassment, guilt, and shame emerge
requires self awareness

Answer 4

Self-Conscious Emotions

Question 5

an inborn set of tendencies including emotional reactivity, activity level, attention, and self control

Answer 5

Temperament

Question 6

some babies evoke certain responses from their caregivers

Answer 6

Evocative Genetic-Environmental correlation

Question 7

relationship between the child’s temperament and his environment

Answer 7

goodness of fit

Question 8

strong affectionate tie between infant and care giver

Answer 8

Attachment

Question 9

Proximity seeking behaviors, distress at separation, happiness at reuniting, orienting actions to the caregiver

Answer 9

Four signs of secure attachment

Question 10

Attachment Theory

Answer 10

John Bowlby

Question 11

these expectations focus on how reliably we expect others to respond to us, and how worthy we feel of such responses

Answer 11

Inner working models

Question 12

consistent, sensitive parenting forms the basis of a healthy what?

Answer 12

internal working model
secure attachment

Question 13

Child begins to trust others, success depends on quality of caregivers behavior

Answer 13

Erikson’s trust vs. mistrust

Question 14

learning to do things by themselves

Answer 14

Erikson’s autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Question 15

early attachment to caregiver establishes how later relationships will happen. Through repeated interaction with adult figures children develop an internal working models of self and others

Answer 15

Bowlby’s view on attachment

Question 16

rate is lower than first two years
lower body lengthens
appetite decreases
BMI is lowest at age 5-6

Answer 16

Physical growth

Question 17

Brain develops faster than other body parts
75% of adult brain weight by age 2

Answer 17

Brain Development

Question 18

when a child learns to cope with everyday challenges

Answer 18

positive stress

Question 19

when more serious difficulties are buffered by caring adults

Answer 19

tolerable stress

Question 20

when strong or prolonged adversity is experienced without adult support

Answer 20

toxic stress

Question 21

Brain produces cortisol in response to stress
excessive cortisol can affect brain development
connections that should form may fail to form

Answer 21

effects of stress on the developing brain

Question 22

relationship with a warm, responsive adult

Answer 22

Intervention for stress on developing brain

Question 23

most common form of maltreatment
failure to meet a child’s basic needs

Answer 23

neglect

Question 24

all actions that are deliberately harmful

Answer 24

abuse

Question 25

prevent maltreatment from occurring in the first place

Answer 25

primary prevention

Question 26

reducing danger in high-risk situations

Answer 26

secondary prevention

Question 27

halt harm after it occurs and treat victim

Answer 27

tertiary prevention

Question 28

symbolic thought
understanding that an object or word can stand for something else
Language is a good example

Answer 28

Preoperational Stage

Question 29

mental actions that obey logical rules

Answer 29

Operations

Question 30

tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation to the exclusion of others

Answer 30

centration

Question 31

a particular type of centration
the tendency to perceive and interpret events exclusively from one own’s perspective

Answer 31

Egocentrism

Question 32

failure to recognize that reversing a process brings about the original conditions

Answer 32

Irreversibility

Question 33

attending to the outcome rather than the changes that produced the outcome

Answer 33

Static thinking

Question 34

The cognitive ability to plan, remember, inhibit some impulses, and execute others

Answer 34

executive function

Question 35

memory, inhibition, flexibility

Answer 35

three components of executive function

Question 36

governs our ability to retain and manipulate distinct pieces of information over shorts periods of time

Answer 36

working memory

Question 37

helps us sustain or shift attention in response to different demands or to apply different rules in different situations

Answer 37

mental flexibility

Question 38

enables us to set priorities and resist impulsive actions or responsive

Answer 38

self-control

Question 39

an understanding of human mental processes
everyday understanding about how the mind works

Answer 39

Theory of mind

Question 40

realizing that one’s own belief may differ from someone who has false knowledge of a situation

Answer 40

false belief understanding

Question 41

realization that you can think one thing and behave another way

Answer 41

deception

Question 42

making a rough judgement about the meaning of the word

Answer 42

fast mapping

Question 43

after learning a word, children use it to describe other objects in the same category

Answer 43

logical extension