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Theology 230 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

homoousious

A

“of the same substance” used to designate the belief that Jesus was “of the same substance of God”

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2
Q

hypostatic union

A

the doctrine of the union of divine and human natures in Jesus Christ, without confusion of their respective substances

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3
Q

incarnation

A

refers to the assumption of the human nature of God in the person of Jesus Christ

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4
Q

kenoticism

A

lays emphasis upon Christ’s laying aside of certain divine attributes in the incarnation

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5
Q

liberation theology

A

movement which stressed the role of political action and orientated itself towards the goal of political liberation from poverty and oppression

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6
Q

liturgy

A

the written text and set forms of public services, especially of the eucharist

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7
Q

memorialism

A

Christ is remembered through the eucharist. Since He is now in heaven, he cannot also be present in the bread and wine

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8
Q

monophysitism

A

there is only one nature in Christ, which is divine

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9
Q

parousia

A

“coming” or “arrival” used to refer to the second coming of Christ

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10
Q

patripassianism

A

heresy that the Father suffered as the Son

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11
Q

Rufinus’s reflection are in the form of a commentary on this

A

the Apostle’s Creed

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12
Q

who does Jesus deceive with his human flesh?

A

Satan

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13
Q

what classic theory of the atonement does Rufinus develop?

A

the “mousetrap” or “fish-hook” theory

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14
Q

what does Rufinus say is described in Ephesians 3:18?

A

the cross

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15
Q

in addition to purging sins, baptism provides THIS gift

A

the Holy Spirit

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16
Q

during what period did Christians receive the theological instruction that culminated in baptism?

A

Lent

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17
Q

who do Christians renounce in baptism?

A

Satan

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18
Q

with what does 1 Peter 3:18-22 compare baptism?

A

the days of Noah and the ark

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19
Q

this term refers to something too profound to be grasped fully by the human mind

A

mystery

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20
Q

this is a term for a figure or event in the OT whose full embodiment is found in the NT

A

typos or antitype

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21
Q

anthropos

A

human

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22
Q

describe creation as God’s intentional act

A

genesis 1 & 2

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23
Q

attribute creation to the Son

A

john 1:3, 10; Col 1:16; Heb 1:2

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24
Q

creatio ex nihilo

A

creation out of nothing

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25
Q

justin martyr

A

God formed the world from pre-existent matter

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26
Q

imago dei

A

the image of God

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27
Q

humans were created in the image of God

A

gen 1:26-27

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28
Q

views on the imago dei

A

substantive, functional, relational

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29
Q

substantive view

A

something humans possess or a characteristic humans have; usually a mental or spiritual dimension, like the ability to reason; reason separates humans from all other creatures and reflects most clearly what God is like; Carl Henry supports

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30
Q

functional view

A

seen in what humans exercising dominion over creation; close connection between “in our image” and “let them rule over”; Psalm 8:5-8 - humans were made a little lower than angels; more to do with human roles and functions than God’s nature

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31
Q

relational view

A

not something humans possess or do; humans display God’s image through relationships; God has an “I-Thou” relationship within himself as the trinity (Karl Barth); humans also have these relationships

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32
Q

questions for the relational view

A

allow God’s image to be universal? does someone rebelling against God bear the image of God?

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33
Q

questions for the functional view

A

creating in God’s image and giving authority the same act? distinction between “let us make man in our image” and “let them rule over”?

34
Q

questions for substantive view

A

overemphasizes one aspect of human makeup (reason) over others? vary from one person to the next (such as intellectual disabilities)?

35
Q

human composition theories

A

trichotomy & dichotomy

36
Q

trichotomy

A

humans are made of 3 things: one material (body) and two immaterial (soul and spirit); body = physical component, soul = psychological component, spirit = part that can know God

37
Q

dichotomy

A

humans consist of 2 things: one material (body) and one immaterial (soul/spirit); soul and spirit are not different

38
Q

conclusions about human composition

A

scripture is ambiguous and uses spirit and soul interchangeably (NT adds heart and mind also); a more holistic approach is needed

39
Q

traducianism

A

all human potentiality (material and immaterial) was created in Adam and Eve; soul/spirit is transmitted along with the body from the parents

40
Q

creationism

A

only material potentiality was created in Adam and Eve; God creates each soul individually and joins it to the body

41
Q

sin in creation

A

humans were created for good; humans sinned and lost some facet of goodness; it is good to be human, but humans are not altogether good

42
Q

posse peccare

A

originally is was possible to sin

43
Q

non posse non peccare

A

after the fall, it was not possible to sin

44
Q

posse non peccare

A

after grace in Jesus Christ, it is possible not to sin

45
Q

non posse peccare

A

in our glorified state, it will not be possible to sin

46
Q

imputation

A

to attribute fault or to reckon to one’s account; humans are sinners because God attributes sin to them due to Adam’s sin (sinners because God says so)

47
Q

impartation

A

to share with; humans are sinners bc sin is at work in them and distorts their nature

48
Q

universality of sin

A

romans 3:9-12, 23 - all humans are sinners

49
Q

total depravity

A

every facet of human existence is affected by sin; romans 3:10-18, ephesians 2:1-3, psalm 51:5

50
Q

original sin (or inherited sin)

A

all humans are born into sinfulness due to adam’s sin; Augustine: all infants are born with original sin the must be removed through baptism; pelagius: humans did not inherit sinful nature and are nor sinners until the first act of sin

51
Q

communal sin

A

ezra 9:1-7, 10-11; 1 samuel 3:11-14; ezekiel 18:19-20; romans 7:14-25

52
Q

high christology (descending christology)

A

emphasizes Jesus’ divinity by pointing to his relationship to God and coming from God; John, Pauline letters, Hebrews, John 1:1-5,14, Col 1:15-20, Heb 1:1-3a, Phil 2:5-11

53
Q

low christology (ascending christology)

A

emphasizes Jesus’ humanity and ultimate glorification; highlights his similarities with other humans; synoptic gospels, acts, hebrews, Matthew 1-2, 28, heb 4:15, phil 2:5-11

54
Q

council of nicaea

A

first ecumenical council in Christian history; convened by constantine; attended by mostly eastern bishops; officially defined Jesus’ relationship to God: son is “of the same essence” as the Father

55
Q

athanasius’ argument

A

athanasius: “of the same essence”; the son is not a creation of the father because only God saves, not another creature

56
Q

arius’ argument

A

son has not always existed, but is God’s first and highest creation; if the son were of the same essence of the father, then God would be divisible; beget/begotten refers to the creation of the son; prov. 8:21, 22-31 and 1 Cor 1:23-24

57
Q

council of chalcedon

A

addressed Jesus’ relationship of divinity and humanity; Jesus possesses a fully human and fully divine nature while remaining only one person; now called the “hypostatic union”; rejected nestorianism, apollinarianism, eutychianism

58
Q

nestorianism

A

human and divine and two complete persons separate enough for Mary to give birth to the human but not the divine; rejected by council of chalcedon

59
Q

apollinarianism

A

logos took human flesh but did not become fully human; no human mind; rejected by council of chalcedon

60
Q

eutychianism

A

human and divine natures “mixed” to form a third nature; rejected by council of chalcedon

61
Q

could Jesus have sinned or failed to fulfill his mission?

A

gethsemane: wants to avoid suffering, seems to think deliverance was a real possibility, but was it?, existential possibility and metaphysical impossibility

62
Q

existential possibility

A

in his limited human understanding, Jesus thinks deliverance is possible; hence his distress and request

63
Q

metaphysical impossibility

A

in terms of ultimate reality, it is impossible because Jesus is the incarnate word and cannot fail to obey the father; distress is real, although he could not have failed

64
Q

was jesus fully human if he did not sin?

A

universal and essential: just because a characteristic is common to everyone (universal), that does not mean it could not be otherwise (essential)

65
Q

five theories of restitution

A

christus victor, ransom, satisfaction, substitution, moral influence

66
Q

christus victor

A

atonement was a battle between God and the powers of evil; through his death and resurrection, Jesus won the battle and freed captive humanity

67
Q

ransom theory

A

“devil’s right theory”; by deceiving humanity, Satan won the rights to humanity; Jesus’ death was a kind of “payoff” buying humanity back

68
Q

satisfaction theory

A

anselm of canterbury rejected ransom theory; through sin, humans failed to pay God the honor due him; only God could atone, but only humans were obligated to pay for the offense; one who is both God and human (Jesus) had to satisfy God’s justice and give him honor

69
Q

substitution theory

A

sin is breaking God’s law; humans deserve God’s punishment and wrath; Jesus became our substitute, receiving God’s wrath on the cross in our place; humans escape punishment even though guilty

70
Q

moral influence theory

A

peter abelard rejected ransom and satisfaction theories; God shows his love through Jesus - our example; saved as we allow this love to increase by following his example

71
Q

recent christologies

A

liberation, feminist, christology and violence, spirit, and finality of Jesus Christ

72
Q

liberation christology

A

Jesus’ identified with the poor and oppressed: he was a peasant who embraced outcasts; Jesus undermines oppressive structures, not just forgives individual sins; we follow Jesus by ministering to the poor and oppressed; reps: Leonardo Bodd and Gustavo Gutierez

73
Q

feminist christology

A

can a male savior save women? emphasis on Jesus’ humanity, not maleness; if Jesus is the norm of being human, are women without an example and don’t measure up? “wisdom Christology” and Mary; is the crucifixion “divine child abuse”? re-evaluate the saving power of Jesus’ death in relation to his life and ministry

74
Q

christology and violence

A

crucifixion is an extraordinarily violent death; also part of a sacrificial system; why did God choose to save through such violent means?: to expose the violence of the world’s system, to identify with victims of violence, sacrificial system

75
Q

spirit christology

A

emphasis on the Holy Spirit’s role in Jesus’ life, ministry, death, and resurrection; Spirit helped make Jesus who he was and enabled him to carry out his divine mission; Luke 1:34-35, 3:21-22, 4:1, 14, 18, Heb 9:12-13, Rom 8:11

76
Q

finality of Jesus Christ

A

unique and definitive revelation of God; daniel migliore; views on Christianity’s relationship to other religions: exclusivist view, developmentalist view, Transcendentalist view, dialogical view, relativistic view

77
Q

exclusivist view

A

non-christian religions are false; dialogue betrays Jesus’ uniqueness

78
Q

developmentalist view

A

non-christian religions can be preparations for accepting Christ; Jesus is God’s highest revelation, and other religions find ultimate fulfillment in him

79
Q

transcendentalist view

A

god’s grace exceeds the limits of the historical figure of Jesus; therefore God’s grace may be active in all religions to greater or lesser degrees

80
Q

dialogical view

A

christians and non-christians should take their own beliefs seriously and dialogue with others; all religions may be seen to contain elements of truth and falsehood (Paul Tillich)

81
Q

relativistic view

A

god is at work equally in all religions; jesus is but one savior among other savior figures in other religions

Theology 230 (3 decks)

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