exam 3

Question 1

Is the human body’s response to excessively hot temperatures, sweating and vasodilation of blood vessels near the skin surface, voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 1

involuntary

Question 2

How many different cell types are in the human body?

Answer 2

200

Question 3

The desert ant, which lives in the Sahara Desert, has several features and behaviors that allow it to live in such a harsh environment. These include all the following, except

Answer 3

unusual enzymes that work optimally at extremely hot temperatures.

Question 4

What is the direction of heat exchange/diffusion of heat in the countercurrent heat exchange system found in the legs of several species of birds, such as Canadian geese and penguins?

Answer 4

from the arterial blood into the venous blood

Question 5

Is the human body’s response to excessively cold temperatures, shivering and vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the skin surface, voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 5

involuntary

Question 6

Successful invasion of the land by tetrapods required all the following, except

Answer 6

lungs which were more efficient than fish gills to extract oxygen from the air.

Question 7

Which is the most species rich group of vertebrates?

Answer 7

fishes

Question 8

The direction of blood flow in fish gills is opposite the direction of water flow past
the gills. Which of these should be expected if this structural relationship represents a countercurrent exchange mechanism for oxygen?

Answer 8

Net movement of oxygen from water into blood occurs along the entire distance where blood and water are in close contact.

Question 9

What kind of symmetry do members of the phylum Porifera exhibit?

Answer 9

no symmetry

Question 10

Which of the following groups of insects do we think has the highest number of species?

Answer 10

beetles

Question 11

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?

Answer 11

nervous conduction and muscular movement

Question 12

What is an important advantage to a closed circulatory system

Answer 12

improved movement activity

Question 13

Do members of the phylum Cnidaria have a separate mouth and anus?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still

Answer 14

not sink

Question 15

Which of the following are the only living animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

Answer 15

birds

Question 16

Which 2 important features distinguish bony fish (e.g., goldfish, grouper) from cartilaginous fish (e.g., stingrays, sharks)?

Answer 16

swim bladder & gill cover/operculum

Question 17

Of the following organisms, which are amniotes?

Answer 17

mammals

Question 18

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that

Answer 18

arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than vertebrates have had.

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with the type of molecule it breaks down?

Answer 19

amylase-protein

Question 20

What is meant by the term “essential” in reference to nutrients?

Answer 20

They cannot be synthesized within the human body and need to be a part of the diet.

Question 21

The parietal cells located in pits within the stomach produce

Answer 21

hydrochloric acid.

Question 22

The body stores excess glucose as all the following, except

Answer 22

glycogen in the pancreas

Question 23

A very low level of glucose in the blood after a long period of fasting will cause

Answer 23

glucagon release from the pancreas.

Question 24

Where do absorbed fats finally enter the blood?

Answer 24

within chylomicrons in the lymph at the subclavian veins

Question 25

The following structures are involved in the vertebrate circulatory system: (1) veins, (2) arterioles, (3) capillaries, (4) venules, and (5) arteries. What is the correct order of blood flow once it leaves the capillary beds?

Answer 25

4, 1, 5, 2, 3

Question 26

Why do arteries have thicker walls than veins have?

Answer 26

to tolerate the greater blood pressure found within the arteries

Question 27

The capillary walls are permeable to many molecules. Which of the following molecules does not move through these openings in the capillary walls?

Answer 27

proteins