exam 2

Question 1

Which of the following land plants does not have vessels/vascular tissue?

Answer 1

mosses

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the vessels of land plants is false?

Answer 2

xylem vessels primary move water from the stomata to all the cells in the plants body

Question 3

Which of the following groups of land plants produces seeds?

Answer 3

none produce seeds

Question 4

Which of the following was not an important adaptation that allowed the ancestors of land plants to colonize the land?

Answer 4

oxygen producing photosynthesis

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the haplodiplontic life cycle of land plants is false?

Answer 5

gametophytes are produced directly from the diploid cells of the embryo

Question 6

What trait do angiosperms have that gymnosperms do not have?

Answer 6

fruits

Question 7

In gymnosperms, seeds are found within cones

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What ploidy level is the endosperm found within the seeds of flowering plants?

Answer 8

triploid (3n)

Question 9

What is found within the carpels of flowering plants?

Answer 9

ovules

Question 10

How many sperm cells are contained in the germinating pollen grain of a flowering plant/angiosperm?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

What kind of plant produces seeds, has a single leaf (i.e., cotyledon) when it germinates and first starts to grow, and has flower parts (e.g., petals, sepals) in 3’s or multiples of 3’s?

Answer 11

monocot angiosperm

Question 12

Evidence from the fossil record shows that the first seed plants lived nearly

Answer 12

360 million years ago.

Question 13

lignin

Answer 13

is used to strengthen cell walls.

Question 14

Sporopollenin

Answer 14

is a very strong, decay resistant polymer that coats the spores and seeds of land plants

Question 15

Plants often use toxic chemicals to stop herbivores from eating their tissues, increasing the production of these “secondary metabolites” as soon as they begin suffering tissue damage from herbivores. Why do plants wait to begin producing alkaloids, a type of secondary metabolites, ONLY when they start getting damaged from herbivores?

Answer 15

Alkaloids contain nitrogen which is usually in limited supply and therefore very “expensive” for the plant to use as a chemical defense.

Question 16

Self-pollination, in which the offspring have only 1 parent, produces relatively low quality offspring but is cheaper than cross-pollination.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Legume plants (i.e., beans) often live in soils that have very low levels of useable nitrogen. How are they able to do this considering that plants need large quantities of useable nitrogen to survive?

Answer 17

Many legume plants have a mutualism with Rhizobium bacteria in their roots; the legume plant provides the bacteria with sugars and a low-oxygen environment in their roots to produce ammonia while the bacteria share some of the ammonia with the legume plant.

Question 18

Which of the following traits is a characteristic of ALL land plants (i.e., embryophytes)?

Answer 18

apical meristems

Question 19

Which of the following statements about mycorrhizae is false?

Answer 19

The relationship allows fungi to live in places with very low levels of phosphorus in the soil.

Question 20

Mycorrhizae

Answer 20

are a mutualism between multicellular fungi and the roots of most (~90%) vascular plants.