Exam 3 Flashcards
This War Department office, created in 1863 under General Order No. 143, was responsible for recruiting and organizing regiments composed of African Americans in the Union Army.
Bureau of Colored Troops
These were groups of northerners, often abolitionists, who went into the South during the Civil War and worked with freed slaves.
Benevolent Societies
These were a series of riots that broke out in the South in 1863. Led mostly by women, these riots protested the high prices caused by rampant inflation, especially for food products.
Bread Riots
This was the location where Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865.
Appomattox Court House
These were laws passed by southern states in 1865 and 1866 that sought to secure white supremacy in the South by keeping former slaves in a legal status below that of full citizens.
Black Codes
This act, placed into law by the Union in 1863, allowed the federal government to draft men into federal service.
Conscription Act
These were Democrats in the North who were vocal critics of the Union’s Civil War policies and Abraham Lincoln
Copperhead Democrats
This was a heavily armed naval vessel build in secret by the British for the Confederacy. However, after the losses at Vicksburg and Gettysburg, the British lost confidence in the ability of the Confederacy to win and never delivered the ship.
CSS Alabama
These were northerners who went down to the South during Reconstruction to take advantage of various opportunities such as claiming abandoned Confederate land or running for political office since they had the qualification of never having supported the Confederacy.
Carpetbaggers
This was a Union fortification on a peninsula in Virginia that remained under Union control during the Civil War. It was also the site one the first and largest contraband camps composed of freed slaves.
Fortress Monroe
This was an office within the War Department, established in 1865, that was to assist freed slaves with the transition from slavery to freedom.
Freedmen’s Bureau
This order, issued in 1863, created the Bureau of Colored Troops in the War Department and authorized the creation of African American regiments in the Union Army.
General Order No. 143
This act, passed in 1863, allowed the Union to hold suspected Confederates in prison without charging them with any crime for indefinite period.
Habeas Corpus Suspension Act
This 1863 act by the Confederate Congress allowed the Confederate government to take any property it desired from Confederate citizens for the war effort.
Impressment Act
This was a congressional committee composed of members from both the House of Representatives and the Senate that was formed in December 1865 to investigate President Andrew Johnson’s Reconstruction policies. It laid the foundation for Congress taking over Reconstruction.
Joint Committee on Reconstruction
This was a white terrorist organization, first formed in 1866, that brutalized African American populations in the South during Reconstruction to keep them from voting and participating in southern political society.
Ku Klux Klan
This act, passed by the Union Congress in 1863 and amended in 1864, created a system of national banks and stable currency that allowed the Union to finance the war effort.
National Banking Act
This man was the leader of France during the Civil War. He wanted to extend recognition to the Confederacy, but he would not do so unless Britain did the same. The Confederate losses at Vicksburg and Gettysburg ended any hope in either country recognizing the Confederacy.
Napoleon III
These were a series of riots against the Union draft in New York City in July 1863.
New York City Draft Riots
This was a coalition of Republicans and War Democrats that ran Lincoln as their candidate in the 1864 election.
National Union Party
This was a Confederate charge on July 3rd at the Battle of Gettysburg in which 5,000 Confederate soldiers charged the Union line by crossing a wheat field. However, the Union line held, and roughly half of the Confederate soldiers were killed or wounded.
Pickett’s Charge
This was one of many Confederate guerrilla bands that worked behind Union lines to upset the Union war effort. Jesse James belonged to this band.
Quantrill’s Raiders
This was the faction of the Republican Party most closely associated with the abolitionist movement and the faction that oversaw Congressional Reconstruction after 1867. Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens were the principal leaders in Congress
Radical Republicans
This was a Union advance through Georgia in 1864 that blazed a trail of destruction and sought to destroy the South’s ability to conduct the war. It was led by Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Also known as the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign, this was longest military operation of the Civil War, lasting from June 1864 to March 1865. The Confederates had built and extensive set of fortifications and defensive lines more than thirty miles in length between Richmond and Petersburg.
Siege of Petersburg
These were white southerners who worked with northern Republicans during Reconstruction. Often, they were southern Unionists during the Civil War.
Scalawags
This was system that emerged during Reconstruction whereby predominantly white land owners would subdivide their fields among African American families who would then grow cotton and other crops and pay their rent by giving the land owner a share of what was grown.
Sharecropping
These were white southern Democrats, who, throughout the 1870s, slowly wrested power away from the Republican Party in the South.
Redeemers
This was a law, passed by the Confederate Congress in 1862, that granted draft exemptions for those citizens with at least twenty slaves.
Twenty Negro Law
This amendment was ratified in December 1865 and officially ended slavery in all states.
Thirteenth Amendment
This bill was passed in August 1864 by the Congress, but Lincoln never signed it into law. It imposed much stricture stipulations on former Confederate states and put the responsibility for Reconstruction on the Congress, not the president.
Wade-Davis Bill
These were northern Democrats who supported Union policies during the Civil War.
War Democrats
