Exam 2 Flashcards
This was a church founded by the Rev. Richard Allen of Philadelphia in 1816, and it became one of the largest African-American churches in the United States.
African Methodist Episcopal
These were Confederate merchant vessels that evaded the Union blockade of the South, particularly during 1861 and 1862.
Blockade Runners
This was one of the first truly bloody battles of the war fought in southern Tennessee with a total of 23,000 casualties on both sides.
Battle of Shiloh
This was originally called the Opposition Party when it was created in 1858 and morphed into this new party by 1860. It ran John Bell of Tennessee, and it sought to find a compromise to the issue of slavery. Thus, it continued in the tradition of Henry Clay, and it was most popular in the border states.
Constitutional Union Party
These were southerners (more common in the Upper South than the Deep South) who did not want to secede from the Union immediately. Instead, they wanted to first wait to see what policies Lincoln might enact and then decide
Conditional Unionists
These were resolutions introduced into the House of Representatives by John Crittenden and in the Senate by Andrew Johnson that said the purpose of the war was to preserve the Union and not the destruction of slavery
Crittenden-Johnson Resolutions
These were acts, passed in 1861 and 1862, that allowed the Union to liberate the slaves of slave owners in the Confederate states. These acts were based on the logic that slaves were property that could be used against the Union war effor
Confiscation Acts
This was a term used to describe runaway slaves who supported the Union army
Contraband
This document, signed by President Abraham Lincoln in September 1862, declared that all slaves in the states that composed the Confederacy would be free on January 1, 1863.
Emancipation Proclamation
This was a doctrine promulgated by Stephen Douglas during the Lincoln-Douglas debates. Douglas confirmed his commitment to popular sovereignty, including the right to halt the spread of slavery, despite the 1857 Dred Scott decision affirming slaveholders’ right to bring their property wherever they wished
Freeport Doctrine
This man was an escaped slave from Maryland who taught himself to read and write. He escaped to the North and freedom and, in 1827, began publishing the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star
Frederick Douglass
This was federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina that became the site of the first battle of the Civil War in 1861
Fort Sumter
These were hardcore members of the early Confederate States of America who, especially before the Battle of Fort Sumter, refused any and all peace overtures from the North and were eager to start the war to get the Upper South to join the Confederacy
Fire Eaters
This was the first significant battle between the Union and the Confederacy in July 1861.
First Battle of Bull Run
These two undermanned Confederate forts commanded access to the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, respectively. Union forces under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant conquered both in February 1862.
Forts Henry and Donelson
This was fiat money, issued on paper by the Union, during the Civil War. It had value because the federal government said it had value, and it relieved the financial crisis the Union faced
Greenbacks
This was the site of a federal arsenal in Virginia (now part of West Virginia), where, in 1859, John Brown and other abolitionists tried to take over the weapons in order to start a slave insurrection. The raid failed miserably, and Brown was executed.
Harpers Ferry
This man was a fanatical abolitionist who led the Pottawatomie Creek Massacre in Kansas Territory in 1854 and the raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry in 1859.
John Brown
This man was the president of the Confederacy from its creation in 1861 to its demise in 1865.
Jefferson Davis
These were the slaves that remained in the Union during the Civil War: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri.
Loyal Slave States
These were two iron-clad vessels, one Union and one Confederate, that fought to a draw in March 1862 near Hampton Roads, Virginia. While this battle was inconclusive, it revolutionized naval warfare and signaled the shift from wooden vessels powered by sail to armored vessels made of iron and steel.
Monitor and Merrimack
This act, passed in 1862, authorized the recruitment of African Americans, whether free blacks or slaves, into the Union army
Militia Act
This was an excellent, large, deep-water port in South Carolina that was seized early in the war by the Union and was home to the U.S. Navy’s South Atlantic Squadron.
Port Royal
This was an evangelical religious movement that generally spread from New York into the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley from the 1820s to the 1860s and spawned a variety of related movements such as temperance and abolitionism.
Second Great Awakening
This is the act of a state leaving the federal union, something southern states believed was legal, and something Republicans in the North believed was unconstitutional since there was no constitutional provision for it.
Secession
This was the strategy of the Confederacy to bring Britain and possibly France into an alliance by the threat of withholding cotton from them. It did not work due to a glut of cotton on the market, new cotton-growing regions like Egypt and India, and the fact neither Britain and France was interested in supporting a war to preserve slavery
King Cotton Diplomacy
This was a Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River that fell to the Union forces under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in 1863.
Vicksburg
