Exam 3

Question 1

Two methods for identifying reinforcers

Answer 1

Reinforcer surveys and stimulus preference assessments

Question 2

Define motivating operation

Answer 2

Environmental and biological event that temporarily alters the value of reinforcer and increases decreases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

Question 3

Define establishing operation

Answer 3

Environmental and biological event that temporarily increases value of reinforcer and increases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

Question 4

Define Abolishing operation

Answer 4

Temporarily decreases the value of reinforcer and decreases behaviors that yield that reinforcer

Question 5

What are the 4 dimensions of effective reinforcers

Answer 5

Contingency
Size
Quality
Immediacy

Question 6

The root of motivation is/is not a mental state ( mentalistic ) to positively influence behavior

Answer 6

Is not

Question 7

Define a stimulus preference sheet

Answer 7

Rank ordered list of preferred stimulus obtained by observing choices between those stimuli

Question 8

T/F

Unwillingness is not caused by a mental state

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Define punisher

Answer 9

Contingent consequence that decreases the future possibility of behavior below its pre punishment level

Question 10

Define punishment

Answer 10

Process or procedure whereby a punisher decreases the future possibility of an operant response

Question 11

What’s the ultimatum game

Answer 11

Given 100 but have to offer something to someone. If they reject no one gets money

Question 12

Define public goods game

Answer 12

Make repeated community choices that cooperate. Und up using money to punish

Question 13

Name 6 characteristics of effective punishment.

Answer 13

1. Focus on reinforcement first
2. Combine punishment with extinction
3. Deliver punishers immediately
4. Deliver punishers contingently
5. Punish every time
6. Use a punisher in the Goldilocks zone.

Question 14

Define primary punisher

Answer 14

Contingent consequence that functions as a punisher because in evolutionary last of the species, decreases chance of survival

Question 15

Define conditioned punisher

Answer 15

Contingent consequence that signals a delay reduction to a backup reinforcer

Question 16

Timeout from positive reinforcement

Answer 16

Signaled response-contingent suspension of a positive reinforcement contingency the effect of which decreases the future probability of problem behavior.

Question 17

What are the 4 guidelines for effective timeout

Answer 17

1. Provide no more than one verbal warning
2. Effective when significantly reduce access to reinforcers
3. End timeout after 5 min
4. Every instance results in a timeout from positive reinforcement

Question 18

Example of positive and negative punishment

Answer 18

Positive is shock (primary punisher) or spankings. Adding a stimulus
Negative is removal timeout. Removing a stimulus

Light signals shock (conditioned punisher)

Question 19

Define continuous reinforcement

Answer 19

Every instance if response is reinforced

Question 20

Define intermittent reinforcement

Answer 20

Response is sometimes but not always reinforced

Question 21

Extinction

Answer 21

Response is never reinforced

Question 22

Define schedule of reinforcement

Answer 22

Precisely specifies the nature of the contingent relation between a response and its reinforcer.

Question 23

Define ratio schedule of reinforcement

Answer 23

specified the number of responses that must be made in order for the reinforcer to be delivered.

Question 24

Fixed ratio schedule

Answer 24

Number of responses required per reinforcer is the same every time.
FR1, FR3

Question 25

Cumulative record

Answer 25

Graphical display of responding as it unfolds over time.

Question 26

Define variable ratio schedule

Answer 26

Number of responses required per reinforcer is not the same every time.

Question 27

Animals prefer VR or FR schedules

Answer 27

Variable ratio

Question 28

Interval schedule of reinforcement

Answer 28

The amount of time that must elapse before a single response will produce the reinforcer

Question 29

Fixed interval schedules

Answer 29

Constant time interval that must pass be for a single response will produce the reinforcer. FI60, FI1min

Question 30

Variable interval schedule

Answer 30

Amount of time that must pass before the first response is reinforced not the same every time

Question 31

Explaining behavior with motivation is built upon

Answer 31

Circular logic

Question 32

EO or AO?? | 2 questions to ask yourself

Answer 32

Does it increase/ decrease the value of reinforcer? | Does is increase/decrease the probability of doing behavior?

Question 33

Motivation =

Answer 33

Willingness to work

Question 34

Reinforcer survey

Answer 34

Paper pencil interview

Question 35

Willingness is caused by a behavior reinforcer ratio

Answer 35

Behavior// | Reinforcer

Question 36

Reinforcer efficiency

Answer 36

Maintains behavior even when price is high

Question 37

What is the premack principle

Answer 37

Access to high probability behavior will function as a reinforcer when made contingent upon low probability behavior.

Question 38

Habits are operant behaviors that are evoked by

Answer 38

Antecedent stimuli and persist despite abolishing operation

Question 39

4 types of consequences that control behavior

Answer 39

Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punisher Negative punisher

Question 40

Applied behavior analysts use punishers in clinical practice when behaviors are

Answer 40

Dangerous to the client or those in contact with them

Question 41

Define habituation

Answer 41

``` Gradual reduction in responding following presentations of eliciting stimulus Automatic learning - triggering event - not goal directed - unwilled response ``` We adapt to something redundant

Question 42

Define reflex

Answer 42

Response genetically programmed responses that are involuntary

Question 43

Define differential reinforcement

Answer 43

A reinforced behavior is extinction while more adaptive behavior is reinforced. Combines two procedures reinforcement and extinction

Question 44

Define direct observation

Answer 44

Behavior is recorded as it occurs or lasting product of behavior is recorded later

Question 45

Behavioral definition

Answer 45

Precise specification of the topography of the target behavior allowing observers to reliably identify instances and non instances