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PSY 1400 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Two methods for identifying reinforcers

A

Reinforcer surveys and stimulus preference assessments

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2
Q

Define motivating operation

A

Environmental and biological event that temporarily alters the value of reinforcer and increases decreases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

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3
Q

Define establishing operation

A

Environmental and biological event that temporarily increases value of reinforcer and increases the probability of behaviors yielding that reinforcer

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4
Q

Define Abolishing operation

A

Temporarily decreases the value of reinforcer and decreases behaviors that yield that reinforcer

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5
Q

What are the 4 dimensions of effective reinforcers

A

Contingency
Size
Quality
Immediacy

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6
Q

The root of motivation is/is not a mental state ( mentalistic ) to positively influence behavior

A

Is not

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7
Q

Define a stimulus preference sheet

A

Rank ordered list of preferred stimulus obtained by observing choices between those stimuli

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8
Q

T/F

Unwillingness is not caused by a mental state

A

True

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9
Q

Define punisher

A

Contingent consequence that decreases the future possibility of behavior below its pre punishment level

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10
Q

Define punishment

A

Process or procedure whereby a punisher decreases the future possibility of an operant response

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11
Q

What’s the ultimatum game

A

Given 100 but have to offer something to someone. If they reject no one gets money

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12
Q

Define public goods game

A

Make repeated community choices that cooperate. Und up using money to punish

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13
Q

Name 6 characteristics of effective punishment.

A
  1. Focus on reinforcement first
  2. Combine punishment with extinction
  3. Deliver punishers immediately
  4. Deliver punishers contingently
  5. Punish every time
  6. Use a punisher in the Goldilocks zone.
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14
Q

Define primary punisher

A

Contingent consequence that functions as a punisher because in evolutionary last of the species, decreases chance of survival

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15
Q

Define conditioned punisher

A

Contingent consequence that signals a delay reduction to a backup reinforcer

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16
Q

Timeout from positive reinforcement

A

Signaled response-contingent suspension of a positive reinforcement contingency the effect of which decreases the future probability of problem behavior.

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17
Q

What are the 4 guidelines for effective timeout

A
  1. Provide no more than one verbal warning
  2. Effective when significantly reduce access to reinforcers
  3. End timeout after 5 min
  4. Every instance results in a timeout from positive reinforcement
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18
Q

Example of positive and negative punishment

A

Positive is shock (primary punisher) or spankings. Adding a stimulus
Negative is removal timeout. Removing a stimulus

Light signals shock (conditioned punisher)

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19
Q

Define continuous reinforcement

A

Every instance if response is reinforced

20
Q

Define intermittent reinforcement

A

Response is sometimes but not always reinforced

21
Q

Extinction

A

Response is never reinforced

22
Q

Define schedule of reinforcement

A

Precisely specifies the nature of the contingent relation between a response and its reinforcer.

23
Q

Define ratio schedule of reinforcement

A

specified the number of responses that must be made in order for the reinforcer to be delivered.

24
Q

Fixed ratio schedule

A

Number of responses required per reinforcer is the same every time.
FR1, FR3

25
Q

Cumulative record

A

Graphical display of responding as it unfolds over time.

26
Q

Define variable ratio schedule

A

Number of responses required per reinforcer is not the same every time.

27
Q

Animals prefer VR or FR schedules

A

Variable ratio

28
Q

Interval schedule of reinforcement

A

The amount of time that must elapse before a single response will produce the reinforcer

29
Q

Fixed interval schedules

A

Constant time interval that must pass be for a single response will produce the reinforcer.
FI60, FI1min

30
Q

Variable interval schedule

A

Amount of time that must pass before the first response is reinforced not the same every time

31
Q

Explaining behavior with motivation is built upon

A

Circular logic

32
Q

EO or AO??

2 questions to ask yourself

A

Does it increase/ decrease the value of reinforcer?

Does is increase/decrease the probability of doing behavior?

33
Q

Motivation =

A

Willingness to work

34
Q

Reinforcer survey

A

Paper pencil interview

35
Q

Willingness is caused by a behavior reinforcer ratio

A

Behavior//

Reinforcer

36
Q

Reinforcer efficiency

A

Maintains behavior even when price is high

37
Q

What is the premack principle

A

Access to high probability behavior will function as a reinforcer when made contingent upon low probability behavior.

38
Q

Habits are operant behaviors that are evoked by

A

Antecedent stimuli and persist despite abolishing operation

39
Q

4 types of consequences that control behavior

A

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punisher
Negative punisher

40
Q

Applied behavior analysts use punishers in clinical practice when behaviors are

A

Dangerous to the client or those in contact with them

41
Q

Define habituation

A 
Gradual reduction in responding following presentations of eliciting stimulus
Automatic learning
- triggering event
- not goal directed 
- unwilled response

We adapt to something redundant

42
Q

Define reflex

A

Response genetically programmed responses that are involuntary

43
Q

Define differential reinforcement

A

A reinforced behavior is extinction while more adaptive behavior is reinforced.
Combines two procedures reinforcement and extinction

44
Q

Define direct observation

A

Behavior is recorded as it occurs or lasting product of behavior is recorded later

45
Q

Behavioral definition

A

Precise specification of the topography of the target behavior allowing observers to reliably identify instances and non instances

PSY 1400 (7 decks)

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