exam 3 Flashcards
Maintenance of an optimal internal environment
Endocrine System
Functions:
Differentiation of the reproductive and central nervous systems in the developing fetus
Stimulation of sequential growth and development during childhood and adolescence
Coordination of the male and female reproductive systems
Endocrine System
3 ways hormones communicate
autocrine (within cells),
paracrine (between local cells)
endocrine (between remote cells
2 types of hormone binding
Water soluble
Lipid soluble
6 stages of water soluble hormones
bind to membrane receptor
activation of G protein from binding
G protein activates adenylyl cyclase
adenylyl cyctase catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP
cAMP activates protein kinasses
Protein kinases phosphorylate protein in cytoplasm
Forms the structural and functional basis for integrating the neurologic and endocrine systems (neuroendocrine system).
Produces releasing or inhibitory hormones and tropic hormones.
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
cells secrete glucagon (increase glucose in blood),
α alpha
cells secrete insulin (decrease glucose in blood),
β beta
cells secrete somatostatin (regulates/stops α and β cells)
δ delta
___ cells: Pancreatic polypeptide or γ (gamma) cells, secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
F cells
Increases growth hormone secretion.
Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH):
Inhibits growth hormone.
Somatostatin:
Release of stored thyroid hormones
Iodide uptake and oxidation
Thyroid hormone synthesis
Synthesis and secretion of prostaglandins by the thyroid gland
TSH increases:
Regulates serum calcium. Increases serum calcium concentration. Decreases serum phosphate level. Serves as co-factor with vitamin D to increase calcium absorption. Is an antagonist of calcitonin.
Parathyroid glands
Produce parathyroid hormone (PTH)
