Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

animism

A

Belief in spiritual beings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

intellectual (or cognitive) approach

A

The notion that religious beliefs provide explanations for puzzling things and events; Explain - explains stuff to our minds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

psychological approach

A

The notion that the emotional or affective satisfactions people gain from religion are primary; Relieve anxiety/comfort/confidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sociological approach

A

The effects of religion on maintaining the institutions of society as a whole by instilling common values, creating solidarity, controlling behavior, and so forth; Social conformity/hold society together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

witchcraft

A

The use of psychic powers to harm others by supernatural means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

individualistic cults

A

Cults based on personal relationships between specific individuals and specific supernatural powers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

shamanistic cults

A

Cults in which certain individuals (shamans) have relationships with supernatural powers that ordinary people lack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

communal cults

A

rituals intended to benefit all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ecclesiastical cults

A

Highly organized cults in which a full-time priesthood performs rituals believed to benefit believers or the whole society, usually in large buildings dedicated to religious purposes or deities; found in complex societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

vision quest

A

The attempt to enlist the aid of supernatural powers by intentionally seeking a dream or vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

shaman (medicine man)

A

Part-time religious specialist who uses his special relationship to supernatural powers for curing members of his group and harming members of other groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ancestral cults

A

A type of communal cult centered around rituals performed to worship or please a kin group’s ancestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

totemism

A

A form of communal cult in which all members of a kin group have mystical relationships with one or more natural objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

revitalization movement

A

A religious movement explicitly intended to create a new way of life for a society or group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cargo cults

A

Melanesian revitalization movements in which prophets claim to know secret rituals that will bring wealth (cargo)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

Physical differences based on genetic differences between females and males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cultural construction of gender

A

The idea that the kinship relationships a given people recognize do not perfectly reflect biological relationships; reflected in the kinship terminology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sexual (gendered) division of labor

A

The kinds of productive activities (tasks) that are assigned to women versus men in a culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gender (sex) roles

A

The rights and duties individuals have because of their perceived identities as males, females, or another gender category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

gender crossing

A

Custom by which a person of one sex is allowed to adopt the roles and behaviors of the opposite sex, with little or no stigma or punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

multiple gender identities

A

Definitions of sexual identities beyond the female and male duality, including their and fourth genders such as man-woman or woman-man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gender stratification

A

The degree to which males and females are unequal in dimensions such as status, power or influence, access to valued resources, eligibility for social positions, and ability to make decisions about their own lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

globalization

A

The process of integrating the world’s peoples economically, socially, politically, and culturally into a single world system or community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

global trade

A

The direct or indirect exchange of goods and products between peoples from all regions of the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

global economy

A

The buying and selling of goods and services in an integrated global market

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

transnational corporations

A

A company that produces and sells most of its products or service outside its “home” country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

refugees

A

Individuals and families who temporarily take up residence in another region or country to escape famine, warfare, or some other life-threatening event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ethnic group

A

A named social group based on perceptions of shared ancestry, cultural traditions, and common history that culturally distinguish that group from other groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hierarchical nesting

A

Occurs when an ethnic group is part of a larger collection of ethnic group, which together constitute a higher level of ethnic identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

origin myth

A

The collective history of an ethnic group that defines which subgroups are part of it and its relationship to other ethnic groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

ethnic boundary markers

A

Any overt characteristics that can be used to indicate ethnic group membership

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ethnogenesis

A

The creation of a new ethnic group

33
Q

nationality

A

An ethnic group that claims a right to a discrete homeland and to political autonomy and self-determination

34
Q

homeland

A

A geographical region over which a particular ethnic group feels it has exclusive rights

35
Q

subnationalities

A

A dependent subgroup within a larger nationality that lacks the concept of a separate homeland and makes no claim to any inherent right to political autonomy and self-determination

36
Q

transnationals

A

Members of an ethnic community living outside their country of origin

37
Q

civilization

A

A form of complex society in which many people live in cities

38
Q

artificial countries

A

Multi-nationality countries created by external powers; usually applied to former colonies

39
Q

ethnic homogenization

A

The attempt to create a single ethnic group in a particular geographical region

40
Q

ethnic cleansing

A

The elimination or removal of an unwanted ethnic group or groups from a country or a particular geographical region; usually involves genocide and/or relocation of the population

41
Q

genocide

A

The deliberate attempt to eliminate the members of an ethnic category or cultural tradition

42
Q

relocation

A

The forced removal of the members of a particular ethnic group from one geographical region to another

43
Q

assimilation

A

The merging of the members of one ethnic group into another, with the consequent abandonment of the former group’s identity

44
Q

forced assimilation

A

The social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group through the use of force

45
Q

passive assimilation

A

The voluntary social absorption of one ethnic group by another ethnic group

46
Q

segregation

A

The enforced separation of ethnic groups, in which the dominant ethnic group places legal restrictions on the actions of the members of the other group

47
Q

accommodation

A

The creation of social and political systems that provide for and support ethnic group differences

48
Q

applied anthropology

A

Subfield whose practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization

49
Q

scarcity explanation of hunger

A

Holds that there are not enough land, water, and other resources to feed all the people of a country or region an adequate diet, given current technology

50
Q

inequality explanation of hunger

A

Notion that hunger is not caused by absolute scarcity but by the unequal distribution or resources and how these resources are used

51
Q

technology transfer solution

A

The notion that developing nations can best solve their hunger problems by adopting the technology and production methods of modern mechanized agriculture

52
Q

indigenous peoples

A

Culturally distinct peoples who have occupied a region longer than peoples who have colonized or immigrated to the region

53
Q

High-fructose corn syrup

A

Produced through a series of enzymatic transformations that break down corn starch into sugars - a process that requires sulfuric acid and other industrial chemicals

54
Q

Corn-fed beef

A

fattened in feedlots for 3 to 6 months and fed 70 to 90% corn

55
Q

King Corn (2007)

A

film about the modern industrial food system

56
Q

gender

A

Culturally prescribed and perceived ways that males and females are expected to behave

57
Q

sex

A

Biological designation

58
Q

Margaret Mead

A

Wrote “Coming of Age in Samoa”, believed in cultural determinism

59
Q

third gender

A

Alternative gender, not a variation on the first two

60
Q

Berdache

A

found among Native American’s in N. America, found among Zuni/Southwest; men who take the role of women - boys who participate in domestic activities of girls, considered to be a third gender

61
Q

Hijras

A

Members of religious community who are neither males or female; people born male, not identified as a male. Undergo a ritual surgery - operation to become a third sex - Third gender and third sex in N. India.

62
Q

Religion

A

Belief in supernatural powers and attempts to influence supernatural power by use of ritual

63
Q

Shaman

A

Part-time religious practitioner; can go into trance and bring power of supernatural into their bodies

64
Q

Mana

A

supernatural force or power that makes things go your way

65
Q

ritual

A

behaviors intended to influence supernatural powers to benefit (or sometime harm)

66
Q

prayer

A

religious activity; ask for something/verbal communication

67
Q

Magic

A

used to coercise or compel the supernatural

68
Q

witchcraft or sorcery

A

Forms of magic to specifically cause harm

69
Q

sorcerers

A

Actually manipulate objects, make potions, voodoo dolls, to cause harm to other people

70
Q

witches

A

Use psychic power to cause harm to others

71
Q

rights of passage

A

Rituals or ceremonies that mark a change in social status usually brought on by increasing age e.g. Bar Mitzvah, Confirmation, Baptism, Graduation, marriage, death

72
Q

U.N. Palermo Protocol

A

“Trafficking in persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs; Definition from the U.N. of human trafficking, regarded as general definition

73
Q

debt bondage

A

traffickers insist they must pay off debt before they are set free

74
Q

Stockholm Syndrome

A

creates positive feeling toward abuser or traffickers (often seen in domestic violence); want to psychologically weaken the individual

75
Q

Indigenous peoples

A

“Native” Inhabitants, original inhabitants

==> Foraging, horticultural, pastoral peoples not integrated into industrial economies

76
Q

Sociocide

A

destroying aspects of the identity of people so they assimilate in the dominance society

77
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

God’s will that White settlers move west

78
Q

Scarcity Explanation

A

Overpopulation causes hunger - not enough land/technology to meet needs of growing population ==> food producing resources; hunger caused because there are too many people! Too many people, not enough resources to feed everyone.

79
Q

Inequality Explanation

A

Unequal access/distribution of resources, especially land. Based on ability to pay, not by need. Growing export/cash crops to earn a profit rather than staple crops e.g. corn. There are few people who control available resources and control them based on profitability.

Anthropology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions