exam 3 Flashcards
emotions
Subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.
0-3
Infants are open to stimulation. They begin to show interest and curiosity, and they smile readily at people.
3-6
Infants can anticipate what is about to happen and experience disappointment when it does not
6-9
Infants play “social games” and try to get responses from people. They “talk” to, touch, and cajole other babies to get them to respond. They express more differentiated emotions, showing joy, fear, anger, and surprise.
9-12
Infants are intensely preoccupied with their principal caregiver, may become afraid of strangers, and act subdued in new situations. By 1 year, they communicate emotions more clearly, showing moods, ambivalence, and gradations of feeling.
12-18
Toddlers explore their environment, using the people they are most attached to as a secure base. As they master the environment, they become more confident and more eager to assert themselves.
18-36
Toddlers sometimes become anxious because they now realize how much they are separating from their caregiver. They work out their awareness of their limitations in fantasy and in play and by identifying with adults.
Temperament
Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations.
Attachement
Reciprocal, enduring tie between two people—especially between infant and caregiver—each of whom contributes to the quality of the relationship
Self conscious emotions
emotions such as embarrassment, empathy and envy, that depend on self awareness.
Self awareness
Realization that one’s existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things.
Easy children
Children with a generally happy temperament, regular biological rhythms, and a readiness to accept new experiences.
difficult children
Children with irritable temperament, irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional response
Slow to warm up children
Children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experience
Goodness of fit
Appropriateness of environmental demands and constraints to a child’s temperament.
Secure attachement
Pattern in which an infant is quickly and effectively able to find comfort from a caregiver when faced with a stressful situation.
avoidant attachment
Pattern in which an infant rarely cries when separated from the primary caregiver and avoids contact on his
or her return.
ambivalent (resistant) attachement
Pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves, is extremely upset during his or her absence, and both seeks and resists contact on his or her return.
disorganized disoriented attachment
Pattern in which an infant, after separation from the primary caregiver, shows contradictory behaviors on his or her return. Happens when caregiver isn’t responsive with child
Stranger anxiety
Wariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants from age 6 to 12 months.
Separation anxiety
Distress shown by someone, typically an infant, when a familiar caregiver leaves.
Self regulation
A person’s independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations
enuresis (bedwetting)
Repeated urination in clothing or in bed. Sometimes it is genetic. Commonly due to an immature bladder.
Nightmares
occur during REM sleep
