exam 3

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

Subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.

Question 2

0-3

Answer 2

Infants are open to stimulation. They begin to show interest and curiosity, and they smile readily at people.

Question 3

3-6

Answer 3

Infants can anticipate what is about to happen and experience disappointment when it does not

Question 4

6-9

Answer 4

Infants play “social games” and try to get responses from people. They “talk” to, touch, and cajole other babies to get them to respond. They express more differentiated emotions, showing joy, fear, anger, and surprise.

Question 5

9-12

Answer 5

Infants are intensely preoccupied with their principal caregiver, may become afraid of strangers, and act subdued in new situations. By 1 year, they communicate emotions more clearly, showing moods, ambivalence, and gradations of feeling.

Question 6

12-18

Answer 6

Toddlers explore their environment, using the people they are most attached to as a secure base. As they master the environment, they become more confident and more eager to assert themselves.

Question 7

18-36

Answer 7

Toddlers sometimes become anxious because they now realize how much they are separating from their caregiver. They work out their awareness of their limitations in fantasy and in play and by identifying with adults.

Question 8

Temperament

Answer 8

Characteristic disposition or style of approaching and reacting to situations.

Question 9

Attachement

Answer 9

Reciprocal, enduring tie between two people—especially between infant and caregiver—each of whom contributes to the quality of the relationship

Question 10

Self conscious emotions

Answer 10

emotions such as embarrassment, empathy and envy, that depend on self awareness.

Question 11

Self awareness

Answer 11

Realization that one’s existence and functioning are separate from those of other people and things.

Question 12

Easy children

Answer 12

Children with a generally happy temperament, regular biological rhythms, and a readiness to accept new experiences.

Question 13

difficult children

Answer 13

Children with irritable temperament, irregular biological rhythms, and intense emotional response

Question 14

Slow to warm up children

Answer 14

Children whose temperament is generally mild but who are hesitant about accepting new experience

Question 15

Goodness of fit

Answer 15

Appropriateness of environmental demands and constraints to a child’s temperament.

Question 16

Secure attachement

Answer 16

Pattern in which an infant is quickly and effectively able to find comfort from a caregiver when faced with a stressful situation.

Question 17

avoidant attachment

Answer 17

Pattern in which an infant rarely cries when separated from the primary caregiver and avoids contact on his
or her return.

Question 18

ambivalent (resistant) attachement

Answer 18

Pattern in which an infant becomes anxious before the primary caregiver leaves, is extremely upset during his or her absence, and both seeks and resists contact on his or her return.

Question 19

disorganized disoriented attachment

Answer 19

Pattern in which an infant, after separation from the primary caregiver, shows contradictory behaviors on his or her return. Happens when caregiver isn’t responsive with child

Question 20

Stranger anxiety

Answer 20

Wariness of strange people and places, shown by some infants from age 6 to 12 months.

Question 21

Separation anxiety

Answer 21

Distress shown by someone, typically an infant, when a familiar caregiver leaves.

Question 22

Self regulation

Answer 22

A person’s independent control of behavior to conform to understood social expectations

Question 23

enuresis (bedwetting)

Answer 23

Repeated urination in clothing or in bed. Sometimes it is genetic. Commonly due to an immature bladder.

Question 24

Nightmares

Answer 24

occur during REM sleep

Question 25

Nightterrors

Answer 25

child is actively in distress while in DEEP SLEEP.

Question 26

sleep walking, and talking

Answer 26

occur in deep sleep

Question 27

Eriksons Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 27

Fist stage of theory of psychosocial development. Birth to 18 months. Shapes the child’s view of the world as well as their personality.

Question 28

psychosocial crisis

Answer 28

a turning point where each person faces a struggle to attain a specific psychological quality

Question 29

Freuds oral stage

Answer 29

initial psychosexual stage during which the developing infant’s main concerns are with oral gratification. The mother breast is the first object of sexual energy.