Exam 2 Flashcards
Parturition
The act or process of giving birth.
Stages of child birth
Dilation of the cervix
Descent and emergence of the baby
Expulsion of the placenta
Electronic fetal monitoring
Mechanical monitoring of the fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.
Cesarean delivery
Delivery of the baby by surgical removal from the uterus (happens when mom can’t give normal birth, or if there are complications).
Natural or prepared childbirth
Method of childbirth that seeks to reduce or eliminate the use of drugs, enable both parents to participate fully, and control perceptions of pain.
Doula
mentor who furnishes emotional support and information for a women during labor.
neonatal period
First 4 weeks of life, a time of transition from intrauterine dependency to independent existence
Neonate
newborn baby - 4 weeks old
Neonatal skin conditions
Blue coloring Milia stork bites Mongolian skin Erythema toxicum Acne neonatorum Strawberry hemangioma Port wine stain
Anoxia
Lack of oxygen, which may cause brain damage.
Neonatal jaundice
Condition in many newborn babies caused by immaturity of the liver and evidenced by a yellowish appearance; can cause brain damage if not treated promptly.
Apgar scale (one minute and 5 minutes after birth)
Standard measurement of a newborn’s condition; it assesses appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) (suitable up to 2 month infants)
Neurological and behavioral test to measure a neonate’s responses to the environment.
State of arousal
Infant’s physiological and behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.
Low birth weight (LBW)
Infants who weigh less than 51⁄2 pounds (2,500 grams) at birth because of prematurity or being small-for-date.
Preterm (premature) infants
Infants born before completing the 37th week of gestation.
small-for-date (small-for-gestational-age) infants
Infants whose birth weight is less than that of 90 percent of babies of the same gestational age as a result of slow fetal growth
Kangaroo care
Method of skin-to-skin contact in which a newborn is laid face down between the mother’s breasts.
Postmature
A fetus not yet born as of 42 weeks’ gestation.
Stillbirth
Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of gestation.
Protective factors
Factors that reduce the impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes.
Mother infant Bond
Mother’s feeling of close, caring connection with her newborn.
Imprinting
instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early devel- opment, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother.
Breastfeeding
breastfeeding gives the baby the nutrients they need to grow. it benefits the mom and the Infant in various ways.
Reflexes
Automatic, involuntary, innate response to stimulation. Infants have 27 reflexes.
Senses
infants ability to touch, see, smell, taste, and hear
Plasticity
Modifiability of the brain through experience.
Motor development
A series of milestones: achievements that develop systematically, each newly mastered ability preparing a baby to tackle the next (rolling over, crawling, walking)
Depth perception
Ability to perceive objects and surfaces in three dimensions.
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant.
Approaches to intelligence
behaviorist, psychometric, piagetian, info processing, cognitive neuroscience, and social contextual approach
Piagets sensorimotor
first stage in cognitive development, during which infants learn through senses and motor activity.
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
Standardized test of infants’ and toddlers’ mental and motor development.
Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
Instrument designed to measure the influence of the home environ- ment on children’s cognitive growth.
