Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Anthropology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Kinship

A

The social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Natal Family

A

Family into which a person is born and which he/she is usually raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nuclear Family

A

Family formed by a marred couple and their children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Kinship Chart

A

A visual representation of a family relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corporate Group

A

Groups of people who work together towards common ends, much as a corporation does.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extended Families

A

Large groups of relatives beyond the nuclear family, often living in the same household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clan

A

A group of relatives who claim to be descended form a single ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exogamous

A

A social pattern in which members of a clan must marry someone from another clan which has the effect of building social ties with other clans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patrilineal

A

Reckoning descent through males from the same ancestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Matrilineal

A

Reckoning descent through women who are descended from an ancestral woman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cognatic

A

Reckoning descent through either men or women from some ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Genealogical Amnesia

A

The structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Culture and Personality Movement

A

studied how patters of child rearing, social institutions, and cultural ideologies shape individual experience, personality characteristics, and thought patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bride Price

A

A gift of money given by the groom’s clan or family to compensate the bride’s clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dowry

A

A large sum of money or in kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well-being in her husband’s family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Polygamy

A

any form of plural marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Polygyny

A

When a man is simultaneously married to more than woman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Polyandry

A

When a woman has two or more husbands at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Incest Taboo

A

The prohibition on sexual relations between close family members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Religion

A

A symbolic system that is socially enacted through rituals and other aspects of social life that relate to ultimate losses of humankind’s existence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Animism

A

The belief that inanimate objects such as trees, rocks, cliffs, hills, and rivers are animated by spiritual forces or beings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mana

A

Sacred power believed to inhere in certain high ranking people, sacred spaces and objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Worldview

A

A general approach to or set of shared, unquestioned assumptions about the world and how it works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Interpretive approach

A

A kind of analysis that interprets the underlying symbolic and cultural interconnections within a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Quran

A

The main body of scripture in Islam, consisting of verses of classical Arabic poetry understood to be revealed to the prophet Muhammad by Allah, often in dreams or in the midst of other activities. These verses were memorized by Mohammads’ followers and written down after his death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Totemism

A

A system of thought that associates particular social groups with specific animal or plant species called totems as an emblem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Shaman

A

A religious leader who communicates the needs of the living with the spirit world usually through some form of ritual trance or other altered state of conciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Trance

A

Semi-conscious state typically brought on by hypnosis, ritual drumming and singing or hallucinogenic drugs like mescaline or peyote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Speaking in Tongues

A

The phenomenon of speaking inn an apparently unknown language, often in an energetic and fast-paced way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Polytheism:

A

belief in many gods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Monotheism

A

belief in one god

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

World Religions

A

Religions that claim to be universally significant to all people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Magic

A

An explanatory system of causation that does not follow naturalistic explanation, often working at a distance without physical contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Sympathetic Magic

A

Any magical rite that relies on the supernatural to produce its outcome sithout working through a specific supernatural being such as a spirit demon or deity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Rites of Passage

A

any life cycle that marks a person’s or group’s transition from one social state to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Secular Worldview

A

A worldview that does not accept the supernatural as influencing current people’s lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Fundamentalist

A

A person belonging to a religion movement that advocates a return to fundamentals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Fundamentalism

A

religious movement that advocates a return to fundamental or traditional principles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Lookism

A

Both male and female bodies are by processes of sexual enhancement and the objectification of perceived sexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Nudity as a metaphor

A

Ruth Barcan utilizes Erving Goffman’s idea of shame when it comes to nudity that shame as an experiential mode rather than a moral quality in which dressing or undressing is a result of contextualized activities and cultural expectations arising from the orientational implications of exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Breasts in the West

A

In the West, breasts serve as organs of life and sustenance for a child as well as pleasure and erotic enjoyment for a partner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Lineage

A

A group composed of relatives who are directly descended from known ancestors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Unilineal

A

Based on descent through a single descent line, either males or females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Polyamory

A

Any form of plural relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Sir Edward Burnett Tyler

A

Believed that non-Western religious were based on a fundamental error in thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Ritual

A

Stylized Performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Mana

A

Sacred power believed to inhere in certain high-ranking people, sacred spaces, and objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Interpretive Approach

A

A kind of analysis that interprets the underlying symbolic and cultural interconnections within a society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Positivism (Empiricism)

A

Studies observable reality, separates facts from judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Epistemology

A

Relating to Knowledge, thinking, and ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Ideology

A

System of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Phenomenology

A

Approach that concentrates on the study of consciousness objects of direct experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Agency

A

Acts to Produce a particular result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Language

A

A system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Ethnography of Speaking

A

The study of how people actually use spoken language in a particular cultural setting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Call Systems

A

Patterned sounds, utterances, and movements of the body that express meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Philology

A

Comparative study of ancient texts and documents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Descriptive Linguistics

A

the systematic analysis and description of a language’s sound system and grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Phonology

A

Systematic pattern of sounds in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Morphology

A

Structure of words and word formation in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Syntax

A

Pattern of word order used to form sentences and long utterances in a language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Dialect

A

A regional or social variety of a language in which the vocabulary grammar and pronunciation differ from those of the standard version of language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Sign

A

Words or objects that stands for something else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Metaphors

A

Comparisons of words or things that emphasize the similarities between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Metaphors

A

Comparisons of words or things that emphasize the similarities between them

66
Q

Pidgin Language

A

Language with a simplified grammar

67
Q

Multifunctionality

A

Language doesn’t just describe things, it does things

68
Q

Language Ideologies

A

Implicit and Explicit Associations between ways of using languages, moral, social, and political values.

69
Q

Anthropology

A

Study of human beings, their prehistory and history, language, cultures, and social institutions

70
Q

Industrialization

A

The economic shift from agricultural economy to factory-based economy

71
Q

Empirical

A

Verifiable through observation rather than through logic or theory alone

72
Q

Colonism

A

The historical Practice of more powerful countries claiming possession of less powerful ones.

73
Q

Othering

A

Defining Colonized people as different from, and subordinate to, Europeans in term of their social moral, and physical norms.

74
Q

Salvage Pardigm

A

the importance to observe indigenous ways of life, interview elders, and assemble collections of objects made and used by indigenous peoples

75
Q

Cultural Anthropology

A

The study of the social lives of living communities

76
Q

Biological Anthropoloy

A

The study of the biological aspects of the human species, past an present, along with those of our closest relatives, the now human primates

77
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

The study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes membership and identity

78
Q

Linguistic Anthropology

A

The study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes membership and identity

79
Q

Culture

A

The taken for granted notions, rules, moralities and behaviors with a social group

80
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The assumption that one’s way of doing things is correct and that other people’s practices or view are wrong or ignorant

81
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

The moral and intellectual principle that one should seek to understand cultures on their own terms and withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices

82
Q

Diversity

A

The variety of ways of being human around the world

83
Q

Holism

A

Efforts to synthesize distinct approaches and findings into a single comprehensive interpretation

84
Q

Theory

A

A tested and repeatedly supported hypothesis

85
Q

Quantitative Method

A

Measured

86
Q

Qualitative

A

Observed

87
Q

Ethnographic Method

A

A research metod that involves prolonged and intensive obersvation of and participation in the life of a community

88
Q

Applied Anthropology

A

research commisioned to serve an organizations needs

89
Q

Practicing Anthro

A

Involving research as well as involvement in the designs, implementation, and management of some organization

90
Q

Action Anthro

A

Improve community welfare

91
Q

Culture

A

Dynamic

92
Q

Social Evolutionism

A

All societies pass through stages, from primitive to complex civilization. Cultural differences are the result of these changes

93
Q

Historical particularism

A

Individual Societies particular cultural traits and undergo unique processes of change. Cultural traits diffuse from one culture to another

94
Q

Functionalism

A

Cultural Practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill

95
Q

Functionalism

A

Cultural Practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill psychological and social needs

96
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Culture is systematic, its pieces working together in a balanced fashion to keep the whole society functioning smoothly.

97
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Culture is systematic, its pieces working together in a balanced fashion to keep the whole society functioning smoothly.

98
Q

Neo-Evolutionism

A

CUltures evolve from simple to complex by harnessing nature’s energy through technology and the influence of particular culture-specific processes

99
Q

Cultural Materialism

A

The material world, especially its economic, ecological conditions, shapes people’s customs and beliefs

100
Q

Cognitive Anthro

A

Culture operates through mental models and logical systems

101
Q

Interpretive Anthro

A

Culture is a shared system of meaning, people make sense of their worlds through the use of symbols and symbolic activities like myth and ritual

102
Q

Interpretive Anthro

A

Culture is a shared system of meaning, people make sense of their worlds through the use of symbols and symbolic activities like myth and ritual

103
Q

Post-Structuralism

A

a set of theoretical positions that reject the idea that there are underlying structures explain culture

104
Q

Enculturation

A

The Process of learning the cultural rules, and logic of a society.

105
Q

Intepretive theory of culture

A

A theory that culture is embodied and transmitted through symbols

106
Q

Cultural Construction

A

The meaning, concepts, and practices that people build out of their shared and collective experiences

107
Q

Cultural Determinism

A

The idea that all human actions are the product of culture

108
Q

Values

A

symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principles or qualities

109
Q

Norm

A

Typical patterns of actual behavior as well as rules about how things should be done

110
Q

Social Sanction

A

A reaction or measure intended to enforce norms and punish their violation

111
Q

Customs

A

Long-established norms that have a codified law-like aspect

112
Q

Tradition

A

Practices and customs that have become most ritualized and enduring

113
Q

Social Institutions

A

Organized sets of social relationships that link individuals to each other in a structured way

114
Q

Functionalism

A

A perspective that assumes that cultural practices and beliefs serve social purposes in any society.

115
Q

Holistic Perspective

A

aims to identify and understand the whole

116
Q

Cultural Appropriation

A

one social group to take control over the symbols practices or objects of anothers

117
Q

Fieldwork

A

Long-term immersion in a community involving firsthand research

118
Q

etic

A

outsider perspective

119
Q

emic

A

insider perspective

120
Q

Intersubjectivity

A

The realization that knowledge about other people emerges out of relationships and perceptions individuals have with each other

121
Q

Intersubjectivity

A

The realization that knowledge about other people emerges out of relationships and perceptions individuals have with each other

122
Q

Transnational

A

extends beyond boundaries

123
Q

Migrants

A

People who leave their homes to live or work for a time in other regions or communities

124
Q

World Systems Theory

A

capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world.

125
Q

World Systems Theory

A

capitalism has expanded on the basis of unequal exchange throughout the world.

126
Q

Culture of Migration

A

The cultural attitudes, perceptions, and symbolic values that shape decision making processes around, and experiences of, migration

127
Q

Development Anthro

A

Application of anthro to the practical aspects and implentation

128
Q

Anthro of Development

A

concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or alternatively, the negative impacts of development projects

129
Q

World Culture

A

Norms and values that extend across national boundaries

130
Q

Strategic Essentialism

A

The social and political tactic in which minority groups mobilize on the basis of a shared cultural or political identity to represent themselves.

131
Q

Foodways

A

Structured beliefs and behaviors surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food

132
Q

Horticulture

A

The cultivation of gardens or small fields to meet the basic needs of a household

133
Q

Swidden Agriculture

A

Slash/Burn

134
Q

Pastorialism

A

animal husbandry

135
Q

Animal Husbandry

A

the breeding, care, and use of domesticated herding animals

136
Q

Food Security

A

Access to sufficient nutritious food to sustain an active and healthy life

137
Q

Sustainable Agriculture

A

Farming based on integrating goals of environmental health, economic productivity and economic equity

138
Q

Agricultural Revolution

A

Marks the beginning of civilization

139
Q

Environmental Anthropology

A

The field that studies how different societies understand interact with, and make changes to the natural world

140
Q

Ecological Anthro

A

The specific vein with environmental anthro that studies directly the relationship between humans and ecosystems

141
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The culturally specific images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscate that help shape human relations with that landscape.

142
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

The culturally specific images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscate that help shape human relations with that landscape.

143
Q

Ethnoscience

A

The study of how people classify things in the world

144
Q

Ethnobiology

A

studies how people name and codify living things

145
Q

Anthropogenic Landscape

A

Landscapes that are the product of human shaping

146
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

A quantitaive tool that measure what people consume and the waste they produce

147
Q

Political Ecology

A

The field of study that focuses on the linkage between political economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction

148
Q

Naturalization

A

process through which something becomes part of the natural order of things

149
Q

Primordialism

A

ethnicity is largely a natural phenomenon, because of biological, linguistic, and geographical ties among members.

150
Q

Instrumentalism

A

A social theory that ethnic groups are not naturally occuring or stable, but highly dynamic groups created to serve the intersets of one powerful group or another

151
Q

intersectionality

A

the circumstantial interplay of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity markers in the expression of prejudicial beliefs

152
Q

biocultural

A

complex intesctions of biological, psychological, and cultural processes

153
Q

Cultural bound syndrom

A

a mental illness unique to a culture

154
Q

sick role

A

the culturally defined agreement between patients and family members to acknowledge that a patient is sick

155
Q

Disease

A

the purely physiological conditions of being sick

156
Q

Illness

A

The physiological and social experience a patient has of a disease

157
Q

Explanatory model of illness

A

an explanation of what is happening to a patient’s body

158
Q

Medicalization

A

the proces of viewing or treating as a medical conern conditions that were previously not understood as medical problems

159
Q

Medical Pluralism

A

The coexistence and interpretation of distinct medical traditions with different cultural roots in the same cultural community

160
Q

Medical Pluralism

A

The coexistence and interpretation of distinct medical traditions with different cultural roots in the same cultural community

Cultural Anthropology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions