Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cultural Anthropology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Globalization

A

the widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people, and goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diffusionists

A

Early 20th century Boasion anthropologists who thought culture originated from cultural centers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transnational

A

Relationships that extend beyond nation state boundaries but do not necessarily cover the whole world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Migrants

A

people who leave their homes to live or work for at time in other regions or countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Immigrants

A

People who enter a country with no expectations for returning to their home country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Refugees:

A

People who migrate because of political oppression or war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Exiles:

A

People who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

World Systems Theory:

A

The theory that capitalism was expanded on the basis of inequal exchange throughout the world creating a global market and global division of labor, dividing the world between a dominant “core” and a dependent “periphery”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Post-Colonialism

A

The field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Push-pull Factors

A

the social, economic, and political factors that attract or push people away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transnational Community

A

A spatially extended social network that spans multiple countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Localization

A

The creation and assertion of of making something local in character or restricting it to a particular place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Development Anthropology

A

The appreciation of anthropological knowledge and research methods to practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anthropology of Development

A

The field of study within anthropology concerned with understanding the cultural conditions for proper development or the negative impacts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cultural Imperialism

A

The Promotion of one culture through others through formal policy or less formal means.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

World Culture:

A

norms and values that extend across national boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hybridization

A

persistent cultural mixing that has no predetermined direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Market

A

are utopian, nowhere in particular and everywhere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Distribution

A

Middlemen- not producer- are the technicians of globalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Transnational Networks of Trade

A

Create institutions of social culture linking previously inarticulated segments of local economies, societies, and policies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ICCAT

A

Imposes quotas and regulations made of various sovereign entities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cultural Relativism

A

Commodity Fetishism: American fishers have to imagine a Japanese culture and its expanding culinary culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Strategic Essentialism

A

The social and political tactic in which minority groups mobilize on the basis of a shared general, cultural or political identity to represent themselves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Foodways

A

structured beliefs and behaviors surrounding the production, distribution and consumption of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lactase Persistence

A

continuation of lactase production beyond early a childhood that allows a person to digest milk and dairy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Structuralism:

A

an anthropological theory that people make sense of their worlds through binary opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Taste:

A

The concept that refers to the sense that gives human the ability to detect flavors, as well as the social distinction associated with certain foodstuffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Mode of Substinence:

A

The social relationship and practices necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Foraging

A

obtaining fodd by seraching for it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Horticulture

A

the cultivation of gardens or small fields to meet the basic needs of a household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Swidden Agriculture

A

A farming method in tropical regions in which the farmer slashes and burns a small are of forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pastoralism:

A

the practice of animal husbandry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Tranhumance

A

regular seasonal movement of herding communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Intensification:

A

processes that increases agricultural yields

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Industrial Agriculture

A

the application of industrial principles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Green Revolution

A

The transformation of agriculture in…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Food Security

A

access to sufficient nutritious food to sustain and ..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Obesity

A

having excess body fat to the point of impairing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Overweight

A

having an abnormally high accumulation of body fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Nutrition Transistion

A

the combination of changes in diet toward energy dense foods and declines in physical activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Sustainable Agriculture

A

farming based on integration goals of environmental health, economic productivity, and…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Fire

A

Sway over the natural world, externalizes the digestive process, establish hearths in previously forbidden places.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Agricultural Revolution:

A

Marks the beginning of civilization, first small urban agglomerations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Wetlands:

A

Provided environment for diverse food web, hunting, fishing, foraging, and gathering, flooding created a natural irrigation system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

4000 year gap:

A

Debunks the notion of gradual move towards agriculture, a hybrid between freeliving and domesticated subsitence, agnostic about the rise of civilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Self Definition

A

The act of identifying, utilizing, and more importantly redefining symbols.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Chicken:

A

Historically untraceable, were not kept in hen houses, marketplace was few places where black slaves would be able to confront slave owners, historical and economical paradoxes: chicken consumption was normative, chicken consumption was negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Environmental Anthropology:

A

Environmental sciences and how it relates to societies and culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

a theory that attempts to explain cultural characteristics of a group of people as a consequence of specific ecological conditions or limitations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Ecological Anthropology

A

The specific vein with environmental anthropology that studies directly the relationship between humans and natural ecosystems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Ecosystem

A

natural system based on the interactions of nonliving factors and living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Cultural Landscape:

A

The culturally specific images knowledge and concepts of the physical landscape that help shape human relations with that landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Ethnoscience

A

the study of how perople classify thing in the world, usually by considering some range of set meanings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Ethnobiology

A

The subfield of ethnoscience that studies how people in non-western societies name and codifying living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Traditional Ecological Knowledge

A

Indigenous ecological knowledge and its relationship with resource management strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Anthropogenic Landscape

A

Landscapes that are the product of human shaping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The population an area can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The population an area can support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

A quantitative tool that measures what people consume and the waste they produce. It also calculates the area of biologically productive land and water needed to support those people

60
Q

Ecological Footprint

A

A quantitative tool that measures what people consume and the waste they produce. It also calculates the area of biologically productive land and water needed to support those people

61
Q

Political Ecology:

A

The field of study that focuses on the linkage between political economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction

62
Q

Environmental Justice:

A

A social movement addressing the linkage between racial discrimination and injustice, social equity, and environmental quality

63
Q

Generalizations:

A

the actions and process of generalizing ie. forming and expressing words, general notions or propositions obtained form

64
Q

Generalizations:

A

the actions and process of generalizing ie. forming and expressing words, general notions or propositions obtained form

65
Q

Compatibility Standardizes Difference

A

In order to compare, you must acknowledge they’re similarities

66
Q

Convergences:

A

Legitimizes arising categories, offer bridges over unrecognizable difference, The unfamiliar becomes familiar.

67
Q

Botany:

A

First science concerned with uniting knowledge from around the globe to create a singular global knowledge (God’s Creation v Human’s Creation)

68
Q

Plants and Colonialism

A

gathering plants in non-European locales in the 18th century aligned with European Hegemony. Information they collected on plants were gateways to colonial settlement and conquest.

69
Q

Emptying out of Nature

A

Depend on folk experts, but disavow collaboration, except amongst scientists

70
Q

Nature as god

A

John Muir Defied Nature

With nature, the local enfolds in to the global and universal

71
Q

The Globe and its Model

A

Global Climate Change articulated the new realization that places far apart from each other were still connected by basic survival

72
Q

The Model

A

Models breed Models

Models bust be charismatic and Pedalogical

73
Q

Sustainable Management

A

An empty concept

Combined Trade promotion and conservation, inherent contradiction

74
Q

Lessons:

A

Universals include contrasting sources of knowledge
Global Nature Facilitates and obscures worldwide collaborations
Claims of Universality makes it difficult to see who is in and who is out.

75
Q

Value

A

the relative worth of an object or service that makes it desirable

76
Q

Economic Anthropology

A

The subfield of cultural anthropology concerned with how people make share and buy things and services

77
Q

Economic System:

A

a structured patterns and relationships through which people exchange goods and services

78
Q

Neoclassical economics:

A

the economy is a division of labor and the exchange of goods and services in a market.

79
Q

Substantivism

A

the economy is the substance of the actual transactions people engage in to get what they need and want

80
Q

Marxism:

A

Capitalism, which is a type of economic system, is a system in which private ownership of the means of production and a division of labor produce wealth for a few, and inequality for the masses

81
Q

Cultural Economics

A

The economy is a category of culture, not a special area governed by universal economic rationality. How symbols and morals help shape a communitites economy.

82
Q

Division of Labor

A

The cooperative organization of work into specialized tasks and roles.

83
Q

Exchange

A

The transfer of objects and services between social

84
Q

Market

A

A social institution where people come together to exchange goods and services.

85
Q

Capitalism

A

System based on private ownership of means of production in which prices are set and goods distributed through a market.

86
Q

Formal Economics

A

The branch of economics that …

87
Q

Substantive Economics

A

A branch of Economics, inspired by Karl Polyani, that studies the daily transaction

88
Q

Redistribution

A

The collection of goods in a community, dispersed between its members

89
Q

Surplus Value:

A

The difference between what people produce and what they need to survive

90
Q

Surplus Value:

A

The difference between what people produce and what they need to survive

91
Q

Means of Production

A

The machines and infrastructure required to produce goods

92
Q

Prestige Economies

A

economics in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth

93
Q

Money

A

An object or substance that serves as a medium of exchange, a store of value, or a unit of account.

94
Q

Commodity money

A

Money with another value besides itself, such as gold

95
Q

Fiat Money

A

money created and guaranteed by a government

96
Q

General Purpose Money

A

Money that is used to buy

97
Q

Limited Purpose Money

A

objects that can be exchanged for certain things.

98
Q

Spheres of Exchange

A

Bounded orders of value in which certain goods can be exchanged only for others

99
Q

Transactional Orders

A

Realms of Transactions a community uses, each with its own set of symbolic meanings and moral relationships

100
Q

Reciprocity

A

The give and take that builds and confirms relationships

101
Q

Delayed Reciprocity

A

A long lag time between receiving a gift and paying it back

102
Q

Commodities

A

Mass-produced and impersonal goods with no meaning or history apart from themselves

103
Q

Consumption

A

The act of using

104
Q

Appropriation

A

The process of taking possession of an object idea or relationship and making it one’s own

105
Q

Consumers

A

People who rely on goods and services not produced by their labor

106
Q

Consumers

A

People who rely on goods and services not produced by their labor

107
Q

Money and Debt

A

arose together

108
Q

Economic Textbooks

A

Hypothetical of time before money, barter and money was first intrinsic step into society

109
Q

Adam Smith

A

objected that money was a creation of the government. Money, property, and the market are not the products of government but the foundation of human society. Economics is a field of human inquiry with its own principles and laws; distinct from politics and ethics.

110
Q

Barter Myth

A

Adam Smith Created a Myth of barter with Native Americans . Longhouse served as the primary economic institution where goods were stockpiled and allocated by a woman’s council; still no evidence of bartering.

111
Q

Nambikwara

A

Spot fire and send emissary to trade. Festivities, and they trading.

112
Q

Barter

A

Each side makes a trade an then walk away

113
Q

Currency:

A

The idea of barter as the origin of money has no validity but currency has a complex and contextual use. The importance isn’t so much the coinage but the record of debt

114
Q

Placebo Effect

A

A healing Process by persuading the patient that he or she was given a powerful medicine

115
Q

Medicine Pluralism

A

The coexistence and interpretation of distinct medical traditions

116
Q

Social Inequalities

A

shape the biology of racialized groups, and imbodied inequalities perpetuate a unified view

117
Q

Race

A

Classically viewed as discrete, permanent and relatively homogeneous. it implied the superficial traits used to distinguish races reflect more fundamental innate biological difference.

118
Q

Medicalization:

A

conditions that were not previously understood as medical problems come to be treated as medical concerns (PTSD)

119
Q

Biocultural Approach:

A

avoid thinking that either biology or cultural determines health and illness. Biological, psychological, and cultural processes interact in complex ways.

120
Q

Sick Role

A

Social Expectations of Illness

121
Q

Ilness

A

actual experience of disease, emphasizes how they feel and how their activities are affected

122
Q

Disease

A

underlying causes of the symptoms, physiological conditions

123
Q

Race

A

A concept that organizes people into unequal groups based on specific physical traits that are thought to reflect fundamental innate differences

124
Q

Naturalization

A

The social process through which something becomes part of the natural order of things.

125
Q

Racism

A

The repressive practices, structures, beliefs and representations that uphold racial categories and social inequality

126
Q

Discrimination

A

The negative or unfair treatment of an individual because of his or her membership in a particular social group or category

127
Q

Racialization

A

The social economic and political processes of transforming populations into races and creating racial meanings

128
Q

Ethnicity

A

A concept that organizes people into groups based on their membership in a group with a particular history, social status or history

129
Q

Primordialism

A

a social theory that ethnicity is largely a natural phenomenon, because of biological primordial linguistic and geographical ties among members.

130
Q

Instrumentalism

A

A social theory that ethnic groups are not naturally occurring or stable, but highly dynamic groups created to serve…

131
Q

Class

A

The hierarchical distinction between social groups in society usually based on wealth, occupation, and social standing.

132
Q

Caste

A

The system of social stratification found in south Asian societies that divides people into categories according to moral purity and pollution

133
Q

Social Stratification

A

The classification of people into unequal groupings

134
Q

Prejudice

A

Preformed usually unfavorable opinions that people hold about people from groups who are different from their own.

135
Q

Intersectionality

A

The circumstantial interplay of race, class, gender, sexuality, and other identity markers in the expression of prejudicial beliefs and discriminatory actions.

136
Q

Sex

A

Understood in western cultures as the reproductive forms and functions of the body

137
Q

Gender/Sex Systems

A

The ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males and females

138
Q

Gender

A

The complex … field intersections of biological sex, internal senses of self, outward expressions of identity, and cultural expectation about how to perform the identity in appropriate ways.

139
Q

Sexually Dimorphic

A

A characteristic of a species , in which males and females have different sexual forms

140
Q

Intersex:

A

Individuals who exhibit sexual organs and functions

141
Q

Masculinity

A

The ideas and practices of manhood

142
Q

Gender Variance

A

Expression of sex and gender that diverges from the male and female norms that dominate in most societies

143
Q

Third Genders

A

A category found in many societies that acknowledge three or more gender categories

144
Q

Sexuality

A

Preferences, desire and practices

145
Q

Transgender

A

Someone to whom society assigns on gender who does not perform as that gender but has taken either permanent or temporary steps to identify as another gender.

146
Q

Cisgender

A

Someone whose gender identity aligns with their biological sex at birth

Cultural Anthropology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions