Exam #2- Word Doc (1) Flashcards by Jon Budihas

To double the density of a film by using mAs, what would you do?

a. increase the mAs by 100%
b. increase the mAs by 50%
c. increase the mAs by 30%
d. increase the mAs by 15%

Increase the mAs by 100%

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Of the choices below which is true about a RECIPROCATING grid?

a. It requires a 10:1 ratio
b. It requires 103 lines per inch
c. It is thicker than a stationary grid
d. It requires a faster exposure time
e. It is less expensive than a stationary grid

It is thicker than a stationary grid

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When converting from a grid with a LOW ratio to a grid with a HIGH ratio which of the following would be the best to do to maintain GOOD film QUALITY?

a. increase the kV
b. increase the mAs
c. decrease the kV
d. decrease the mAs

increase the mAs

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Which of the following is recommended for spinal radiography in the usual chiropractic office?

a. a focused grid
b. a parallel grid
c. a moving grid
d. a non-grid technique

a focused grid

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Which of the following effects does using a high kV technique have?

a. raises patient exposure to primary rays
b. produces a shorter scale of contrast
c. has less penetration of primary rays
d. produces more scatter

produces more scatter

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The preferred FOCUSED grid range for spinal radiography is ____.

a. 36’’ to 40’’
b. 40’’ to 72’’
c. 46’’ to 60’’
d. 72’’ to 84’’

40’’ to 72’’

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If a film has an overall darkened GRAY appearance BUT VISIBLE strucutres the probable cause of the problem would be which of the following?

a. the use of too high of a grid ratio
b. light leak from a bent cassette
c. exposure of the film to scatter
d. too low of a kVp technique

exposure of the film to more scatter

Too gray = HIGH kV

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The term “OPTIMAL kV” refers to which of the following?

a. the lowest possible mAs with acceptable contrast on the film
b. the highest possible mAs with acceptable contrast on the film
c. the highest possible contrast with the lowest possible kVp
d. the lowest possible contrast with the highest possible kVp

The lowest possible mAs with acceptable contrast on the film

BEST contrast / LEAST amount of radiation

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How many lines per inch are recommended for a STATIONARY grid?

a. 8-10
b. 10-12
c. 100-103
d. 200-220

100-103

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DIMINISHED PENETRATION at the PERIPHERY of a GRID is termed _______.

a. grid radius
b. grid ratio
c. grid cut-off
d. grid range

grid cut-off

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If a film is said to be “BURNED OUT” what would it look like?

a. too dark
b. too light
c. too gray
d. too grainy

too dark

overexposed

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Which choice below is the main reason why a “FIXED kV technique is preferred”?

a. contrast is consistent
b. there is less stress on the tube
c. the patient exposure is reduced
d. a faster exposure time can be used

contrast is consistent

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REMNANT RADIATION refers to which of the following?

a. scattered rays that leave the patient and reach the grid
b. secondary rays that leave the patient and are deflected away from the grid
c. primary rays that leave the patient and reach the grid
d. both A and C

Scattered rays that leave the patient and reach the grid
AND
Primary rays that leave the patient and reach the grid

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Which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of GRID LINES?

a. a focused gird
b. a moving grid
c. a parallel grid
d. grid cut-off

a moving grid

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EXCEEDING the OPTIMAL kV range while MAINTAINING good DENSITY will yield a film that has which of the following?

a. long scale contrast
b. short scale contrast
c. an image that is too dark
d. an image that is too light

a long scale contrast

too gray

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As a general rule, if you are going to x-ray an ELDERLY patient you should do which of the following to your established radiographic technique?

a. increase it
b. decrease it
c. add a compensating filter
d. reduce the selective filtration

decrease it

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Which of the following would INCREASE patient EXPOSURE?

a. Using a high kV technique
b. Using a 10:1 stationary grid
c. Using a high speed screen
d. Using an air gap technique

Using a 10:1 stationary grid

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If you took a lateral cervical cervical with 66 kV at 100 mA for one-tenth of a second at 72” FFD and it was too light but you could see the structures, which of the following would be the best solution for your retake?

a. increase the kV by 15%
b. increase the mA by doubling it
c. increase the kV by doubling it
d. increase the time by 50%

increase the kV by 15%

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About how much INCREASE in mAs is required when going from a non grid technique to suing a technique with a 12:1 grid?

a. 5 times
b. 7 times
c. 10 times
d. 12 times

5 times

12:1 OR 10:1

If you took a 14x17” lateral lumbar film and saw that the L5-S1 area was too light, which of the following would be the best thing to do?

a. retake the 14’‘x17’’ and reduce the kV
b. Take a spot 8x10” lateral, increase the mAs by 60%
c. retake the 14’‘x17’’ and increase the mAs and filter L5-S1
d. retake 14’‘x17’’ and increase the mAs and filter L1-L4
e. Take a spot 8x10” lateral, increase the mAs by 60% and increase the kV

Take a spot 8x10” lateral, increase the mAs by 60% and increase the kV

If you saw a BLOOD VESSEL on end (axially) on a chest film it would probably look like which of the four natural body (subject) densities?

a. air
b. oil
c. water
d. metal

water

If you saw 2 structures each with paralleling tracks of calcification overlying the articular pillars diverging at the superior and closer at the inferior at what would you be looking?

a. carotid arteries
b. vertebral arteries
c. part of the hyoid bone
d. part of the thyroid cartilage

part of the thyroid cartilage

If you took an A-P lumbar on a thin patient using 85 kV at 100 mA with the exposure time of ½ second and the film demonstrated all of the structures but was too light which should you do to get a better film?

a. increase the kV by 15%
b. increase the mAs by doubling it
c. increase the kV by 15% and decrease the mAs by 50%
d. increase the mAs by 30% and decrease the kV by 15%

increase the mAs by doubling it

You have actually graduated and decided to set up in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania where your aunt lives. She is an elderly, overweight, retired exotic dancer named Trixie Norton who had injured her back when she fell off of a pole in a last ditch effort to rekindle her career. You first take an A-P lumber film using 90 kV with 100 mAs for 1 second at 40” SID. When you look at the film you see that it is very gray and you are going to retake it. Of the choices below which would be the best way to proceed?

a. use 50% more mAs and decrease the kV by 15%
b. use 6% more kV and decrease the mAs by 1/2
c. use 2 seconds and decrease the kV by 15%
d. double the mAs and increase the kV by 6-8
e. use 200 mA and decrease the kV by 15%

Use 200 mA and decrease the kV 15%

Imagine that once again you have fallen asleep in Rad class. You start dreaming that you have graduated and have been hired by Dr. Otto Octavius of Titusville Florida to run his branch office in Yee Haw, Fl just to the south. You are replacing his previous associate Peter Parker who has disappeared from the area. In comes your first patient Rocky Miavia on who you perform cervical films. The lateral, which you took at 65 kV and 10 mAs without a grid, is light but you can see the structures. With these things in mind which would be the best thing to do for the retake? a. use a grid b. increase the kV by 15% c. decrease the kV by 15% d. decrease the mAs by 50% e. increase the mAs by 2 times

increase the kV by 15%

If you took four A-P lumbar films, the first with 95 kV and 6.25 mAs, the second with 106 and 3.75 mAs, the third at 58 kV and 60.0 mAs and the fourth at 85 kV and 8.0 mAs, which would have the lowest contrast? a. the first b. the second c. the third d. the fourth

the second

If you decided not to use a grid for an AP lumbar film and adjusted the radiographic technique to maintain a good density what would be the outcome? a. the film would be very gray b. the patient would be exposed to more radiation c. the patient would have a very short scale of contrast d. the film would most likely demonstrate motion from the needed time increase

the film would be very gray

To DOUBLE the DENSITY of a film with kVp, you should apply which rule? a. 10% b. 15% c. 30% d. 50% e. 100%

15%

If you compared 2 radiographs of a cervical spine with one having been taken at 40” and the other at 72” with the appropriate change in the radiographic technique, what would you find? a. on the 40'' film the image will be larger and clearer b. on the 40'' film the image will be smaller and less clear c. on the 72'' film the image will be smaller and clearer d. on the 72'' film the image will be larger and less clear

On the 72” film the image will be smaller and clearer

Which of the following could be a problem if your x-ray tube was LATERALLY SHIFTED from the center of the film? a. magnification distortion b. shape distortion c. image blurring d. unequal filtration

shape distortion

What is the primary purpose of a GRID? a. reduce the x-ray exposure to the patient b. to put lines on the film for analysis c. to reduce scatter radiation to the patient d. to reduce scatter radiation to the film e. to filer the x-rays that exit the collimator

to reduce scatter radiation to the film

Which of the following increases COMPTON'S radiation? a. higher kVp b. higher mAs c. shorter FFD d. less filtration

higher kVp | more scatter

What is the term used when COMPARING the HEIGHT of the ABSORBING STRIPS to the WIDTH of the INTERSPACING MATERIAL of a GRID? a. grid radius b. grid range c. grid ratio d. grid reciprocation

grid ratio

Which is the recommended optimal kV range for an A-P LUMBAR film? a. 78-85 b. 80-90 c. 85-95 d. 80-100

80-90

When shopping for a grid which INTERSPACING MATERIAL would you want because it’s best for x-raying the spine? a. wood b. plastic c. aluminum d. lead e. bamboo

aluminum

Which of the following best describes BACK SCATTER? a. secondary that is absorbed b. scatter that is directed toward the tube c. secondary that reaches the film d. scatter that misses the film

scatter that is directed toward the tube

If you wanted to alter your CONTRAST so that a radiograph had MORE GRAY tones, what would you INCREASE? a. filters b. mAs c. FFD d. kV

Which effect does using a RECIPROCATING grid have that a STATIONARY grid DOESN'T? a. it blurs out grid lines b. it is best used with very fast screens c. it requires a greater grid frequency d. its strips better match the ray divergence

it blurs out grid lines

If you took a lateral cervical with 66 kV at 100 mA for one-tenth of a second at 72” FFD and was too light but you could see the structures, which of the following would be the best solution for your retake? a. increase the kV by 15% b. increase the mA by doubling it c. increase the kV by doubling it d. increase the time by 50%

increase the kV by 15%

Of the following, which would produce a film with the MOST visible GRAINY? a. an overexposed film b. an underexposed film c. a high mAs/low kVp film d. a high kVp/low mAs film e. a film that demonstrates patient motion

a high kVp/low mAs film

If you took four lateral cervical films using 75 kV with 14 mAs for the first, 65 kV with 14 mAs for the second, 85 kV with 14 mAs for the third, and 95 kV with 14 mAs for the fourth, which would be the darkest? a. the first b. the second c. the third d. the fourth

the fourth | most kV

How much INCREASE in mAs is needed to maintain the SAME DENSITY when reducing the x-ray field from 14x17” to 8x10”? a. 20% b. 40% c. 50% d. 60% e. 70%

60%

Which is NOT true about an x-ray BEAM? a. exposure to it will cause the x-ray to darken b. the greater its intensity the more penetrating it is c. the more peripheral parts of the beam causes less distortion d. its intensity lessens as the distance increases from the source

The more peripheral parts of the beam causes less distortion

Which is the recommended optimal kV range for a A-P FULL SPINE? a. 75-85 b. 80-90 c. 85-95 d. 80-100

80-100

A film exposed to SECONDARY RADIATION will have which of the following appearances? a. it grays the film making it dark b. it makes the film look short scale c. it reduces the density of the film d. it causes part of the film to be black

it grays the film making it dark

Which would be most likely to DECREASE the amount of SCATTERED RADIATION to a film? a. an increase in patient size b. an increase in the mAs c. an increase in the film size d. an increase in the kVp

An increase in the mAs

When x-raying an ELDERLY OBESE patient, which of the following would be helpful in obtaining the best quality film? a. using a shorter tube distance b. using more time and less mA c. using a higher kV in the optimal range d. using a lower kV in the optimal range

Using a lower kV in the optimal range