Exam 2- Week 6 Flashcards
Parenting (Bornstein)
Cultural beliefs and behaviors shape how parents care for their children
- langauge and school prep
- different ways to talk to/direct children
Parents play a key role in maintaining and transmitting culture
Cultural variation
-both similarities and differences found
Cultural universals and specifics in parenting
cultures differ in
->competencies they emphasize (important for culture)
->timing for developmental milestones (different experiences)
even similar cultures, on some dimensions, can have different goals in development
->US: autonomy, verbal competence, self-actualization, and assertiveness
->Japan: emotional maturity, self-control, social courtesy, and interdependence
Form (way parenting behaviors or cognition is expressed) and function (purpose or meaning attached to that form) in parenting behaviors across cultures
Utility of this info
- Are there best parenting practices for child development?
- >Those that prepare child for the culture of their society - Can this info be helpful to parents living in diverse societies?
- >Know how different behaviors have different meanings in different cultures - Main finding
- >When parenting is consistent with cultural norms, children are better adjusted
Cultural beliefs and behaviors shape how parents care for their children
Talking to babies
- language and school prep (Western)
- -> predicts school adjustment
Different ways to talk to/direct children
-Western middle class- suggestion
Parents play a key role in
Maintaining and transmitting culture
Cultural variation
Both similarities and differences found
Bornstein et al.- study in Argentina, Belgium, Israel, Italy, US (all middle class, modern cultures)
- mothers differed in every behavior category
- emphasis by mothers on things related to infant development (more practice -> better)
- mothers and babies are in tune with one another and these correspondences are domain specific (rituals -> synchronization)
Cultural universals and specifics in parenting
Some demands on parents universal
Some are specific
Cultures differ in
-competencies they emphasize (important for culture)
-timing for developmental milestones (different experiences)
Even similar cultures, on some dimensions, can have different goals in development
-US: autonomy, verbal competence, self-actualization, and assertiveness
-Japan: emotional maturity, self-control, social courtesy, and interdependence
Form and function in parenting behaviors across cultures
Form- way parenting behaviors or cognition is expressed (baby talk)
Function- purpose or meaning attached to that form (teach child to pay attention to talking person)
Are there best parenting practices for child development?
Those that prepare child for the culture of their society
Can this info be helpful to parents living in diverse societies?
Know how different behaviors have different meanings in different cultures
Main finding
When parenting is consistent with cultural norms, children are better adjusted
Peers and development (Chen)
Peer interaction provides opportunities for children to
- lean social and problem solving skills from peers
- learn rules and standards of behavior (socially skilled, fuel more relationships)
- develop social relationships, including feelings of security and belonging (when anxiety is down, better learner)
Role of culture: Determines -nature (what kids do together) -frequency -features (the actual things they do) Of peer interaction
Argues: peer interaction is the bridge between culture and socioemotional development
Support:
Help build behaviors that match norms and values of the culture
-accept (and reject) children who display these behaviors (or not)
->which, in turn, regulate the development of peer behaviors (want positive evaluations)
->children play active role in this process (accept/reject) others and child regulates self
-accept the culturally normative values (those not accepted are less socially competent)
How do relationships with peers affect socioemotional development and adjustment?
Middle school relationships are good predictor
Peer interaction provides opportunities for children to
Lean social and problem solving skills from peers
Learn rules and standards of behavior (socially skilled, fuel more relationships)
Develop social relationships, including feelings of security and belonging (when anxiety is down, better learner)
Role of culture
Determines -nature (what kids do together) -frequency -features (the actual things they do) Of peer interaction
Argues: peer interaction is the bridge between culture and socioemotional development
Help build behaviors that match norms and values of the culture
- accept (and reject) children who display these behaviors (or not)
- > which, in turn, regulate the development of peer behaviors (want positive evaluations)
- > children play active role in this process (accept/reject) others and child regulates self
- accept the culturally normative values (those not accepted are less socially competent)
EXAMPLE:
Emphasis on self-initiative
-being mean to someone you don’t like is acceptable in Canada and US, NOT in interdependent cultures
Emphasis on self-control and compliance
-solve peer disagreements with adult intervention? when does it seem like child should be able to do by self?
Goncu et al. (2000)
ALL children play
Similarities across cultures
Differences across cultures
What these patterns tell us
