Exam 2 Week 3

Question 1

What are some main symptoms of anemia? (6) What causes them

Answer 1

1) dyspnea- lack of Hb greatly decreases O2 carrying capacity. Why transfuse patients when hypoxic/dyspnea.
2) palitations/chest pain- from cardiac ischemia, increase with exercise
3) sx of blood loss- melena, bloody stools, menorrhagia, nosebleed, bloody urine
4) sx of systmeic disorder causing BM suppression or iron immobilization
5) sx hemolytic anemia- yellow scerla, LUQ pain, spenlomegly, juandice, dark urine
6) pica- chronic iron def eat dirt or ice

Question 2

What is cardiovascular problems associated with severe chronic anemia? How to treat?

Answer 2

Tachycardia decrease diastolic filling and decreases SV= high output heart failure (big dilated heart, increased SVR, dyspnea, swelling hands feet, JVD, S3 S4) due to anemia.

Transfuse slowly! Bc sensative to extracellular volume increase

Question 3

What are some signs of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 3

Smooth tongue, brittle spooning nails, esophageal webs (plummer vinson syndrome)

Question 4

What are signs of hemolytic anemia vs hemolytic malignancy?

Answer 4

Anemia- jaundice/icterus, and splenomegly in some

Malignancy- lymphadenopathy in any region or bone pain in ant tib or sternum

Question 5

Describe EV hemolysis vs. IV hemolysis

Answer 5

• EV hemolysis: phagocytosis of RBC in spleen or liver, can be by complement or IgM. Can cause splenomegly
• IV hemolysis- RBC explode due to intracellular problem (G6PD def.) or mechanical forces (DIC, TTP, heart valves) or lysed in vessels without phagocytosis, hemogloburina in urine and hemoglobin in serum. Hemosiderurina- hemosiderin in urine