Exam 2: Vestibular Rehab 1 (incomplete, may not finish, feel free to add)

Question 1

Draw the five part of the balance circle:

Answer 1

Question 2

Want to see a schematic of Balance Control?

Answer 2

Question 3

Two main parts of the anatomy of the vestibular system

Answer 3

1. PERIPHERAL SENSORY SYSTEM
2. CENTRAL PROCESSING MECHANISM

Question 4

Peripheral Sensory System: What do the semicircular canals detect?

Answer 4

ANGULAR VELOCITY

Question 5

What are the two Otolith organs?

Answer 5

saccule

utricle

Question 6

Peripheral Sensory System: What do the otolith organs detect?

Answer 6

LINEAR ACELERATION,

ORIENTATION OF HEAD

Question 7

What are two main parts of the Central Processing Mechanism (CNS portion of vestibular system)?

Answer 7

● VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS COMPLEX

● CEREBELLUM

Question 8

What are two main vestibular mechanisms for motor output?

Answer 8

VOR

VSR

Question 9

VOR stands for

Answer 9

Vestibulo- ocular Reflex

Question 10

VSR stands for

Answer 10

Vestibulo- spinal Reflex

Question 11

what is the main function of the VOR?

Answer 11

Stabilizes vision

Question 12

main funciton(s) of the VSR

Answer 12

● GENERATES COMPENSATORY BODY MOVEMENTS

● ALONG WITH THE VCR NECK MUSCLES TO STABILIZE THE HEAD

Question 13

what does VCR stand for?

Answer 13

Vestibulo- cervical Reflex

Question 14

What are two principles important for vestibular rehab?

Answer 14

1. PARTIAL REDUNDANCY OF THE BALANCE SYSTEM
2. CAPACITY FOR THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM TO ADAPT

Question 15

SCC stands for

Answer 15

semi-circular canals

Question 16

Where is the location of the peripheral system?

Answer 16

• MEDIAL TO THE MIDDLE EAR SURROUNDED BY TEMPORAL BONE
• MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTHS SUSPENDED IN BONY LABYRINTH

Question 17

What are four parts of the bony labrynth?

Answer 17

THREE SCC

AND A CENTRAL CHAMBER CALLED THE VESTIBULE

Question 18

What fluid is in the bony labrynth, and what is distinctive about it?

Answer 18

• FILLED WITH PERILYMPH
• (high Na:K ratio and
• communicates with CSF in the subarachnoid space via the cochlear aqueduct)

Question 19

What are the five parts of the membranous labrynth?

Answer 19

• three SSC (angular velocity)
  
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • horizontal
• Two otolith organs (orientation of the head with respect to gravity; linear acceleraton)
  
  • Utricle
  • Saccule

Question 20

What is the membranous labrynth filled with and what is distinctive about it?

Answer 20

FILLED WITH ENDOLYMPH

(high K:Na ratio)

Question 21

What is Endolymph similar too?

Answer 21

• Intercellular fluid

Question 22

Is there communication between endolymph and perilymph in the normal individual?

Answer 22

No!

Question 23

Describe the sensory organ part of the SSC?

Answer 23

• ONE END IS WIDENED TO FORM THE AMPULA
  
  • HAIR CELLS REST ON A TUFT OF NERVE AND BLOOD VESSELS, called THE CRISTA AMPULLARIS
  • OVER HAIR CELLS LIES A MEMBRANE CALLED THE CUPULA

Question 24

what make up hair cells?

Answer 24

Actin and myosin

Question 25

Summary of the Ampula of SSC (5)

Answer 25

1. CHRISTA AMPULARIS (blood vessels nerve fibers and supporting tissue) 2. CUPULA OVERLIES THE CRISTA 3. TRANSLATES FLOW OF ENDOLYMPH INTO DEFLECTION OF THE HAIR CELLS 4. INSENITIVE TO GRAVITY 5. HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA AND IN THE MACULA HAVE HIGH METABOLIC RATE (blood sugar, thyroid)

Question 26

Summary of otolith organs

Answer 26

1. MACULA (in otolith organs) CONTAIN OTOCONIA * creates MORE MASS THAN CUPULA 2. DEFORMS IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY 3. HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA AND IN THE MACULA HAVE HIGH METABOLIC RATE (blood sugar, thyroid)

Question 27

where are macula?

Answer 27

found in the 2 otolith organs, (the utricle and the saccule)

Question 28

what is the constant firing rate of hair cells at rest?

Answer 28

100 spikes per second

Question 29

which cranial nerve do hair cells send thier signal through?

Answer 29

8th

Question 30

What vestibular condition causes stimulation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and vestibolo spinal tract?

Answer 30

ANY DIFERENCE IN FIRING RATE ACROSS MIDLINE THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS RESULTS IN STIMULATION OF THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS AND VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT