Exam 2: Vestibular Rehab 1 (incomplete, may not finish, feel free to add) Flashcards
Draw the five part of the balance circle:
Want to see a schematic of Balance Control?
Two main parts of the anatomy of the vestibular system
- PERIPHERAL SENSORY SYSTEM
- CENTRAL PROCESSING MECHANISM
Peripheral Sensory System: What do the semicircular canals detect?
ANGULAR VELOCITY
What are the two Otolith organs?
saccule
utricle
Peripheral Sensory System: What do the otolith organs detect?
LINEAR ACELERATION,
ORIENTATION OF HEAD
What are two main parts of the Central Processing Mechanism (CNS portion of vestibular system)?
● VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS COMPLEX
● CEREBELLUM
What are two main vestibular mechanisms for motor output?
VOR
VSR
VOR stands for
Vestibulo- ocular Reflex
VSR stands for
Vestibulo- spinal Reflex
what is the main function of the VOR?
Stabilizes vision
main funciton(s) of the VSR
● GENERATES COMPENSATORY BODY MOVEMENTS
● ALONG WITH THE VCR NECK MUSCLES TO STABILIZE THE HEAD
what does VCR stand for?
Vestibulo- cervical Reflex
What are two principles important for vestibular rehab?
- PARTIAL REDUNDANCY OF THE BALANCE SYSTEM
- CAPACITY FOR THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM TO ADAPT
SCC stands for
semi-circular canals
Where is the location of the peripheral system?
- MEDIAL TO THE MIDDLE EAR SURROUNDED BY TEMPORAL BONE
- MEMBRANOUS LABYRINTHS SUSPENDED IN BONY LABYRINTH
What are four parts of the bony labrynth?
THREE SCC
AND A CENTRAL CHAMBER CALLED THE VESTIBULE
What fluid is in the bony labrynth, and what is distinctive about it?
- FILLED WITH PERILYMPH
- (high Na:K ratio and
- communicates with CSF in the subarachnoid space via the cochlear aqueduct)
What are the five parts of the membranous labrynth?
- three SSC (angular velocity)
- anterior
- posterior
- horizontal
- Two otolith organs (orientation of the head with respect to gravity; linear acceleraton)
- Utricle
- Saccule
What is the membranous labrynth filled with and what is distinctive about it?
FILLED WITH ENDOLYMPH
(high K:Na ratio)
What is Endolymph similar too?
- Intercellular fluid
Is there communication between endolymph and perilymph in the normal individual?
No!
Describe the sensory organ part of the SSC?
- ONE END IS WIDENED TO FORM THE AMPULA
- HAIR CELLS REST ON A TUFT OF NERVE AND BLOOD VESSELS, called THE CRISTA AMPULLARIS
- OVER HAIR CELLS LIES A MEMBRANE CALLED THE CUPULA
what make up hair cells?
Actin and myosin
Summary of the Ampula of SSC (5)
- CHRISTA AMPULARIS (blood vessels nerve fibers and supporting tissue)
- CUPULA OVERLIES THE CRISTA
- TRANSLATES FLOW OF ENDOLYMPH INTO DEFLECTION OF THE HAIR CELLS
- INSENITIVE TO GRAVITY
- HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA AND IN THE MACULA HAVE HIGH METABOLIC RATE (blood sugar, thyroid)
Summary of otolith organs
- MACULA (in otolith organs) CONTAIN OTOCONIA
- creates MORE MASS THAN CUPULA
- DEFORMS IN RESPONSE TO GRAVITY
- HAIR CELLS IN THE CRISTA AND IN THE MACULA HAVE HIGH METABOLIC RATE (blood sugar, thyroid)
where are macula?
found in the 2 otolith organs, (the utricle and the saccule)
what is the constant firing rate of hair cells at rest?
100 spikes per second
which cranial nerve do hair cells send thier signal through?
8th
What vestibular condition causes stimulation of the medial longitudinal fasciculus and vestibolo spinal tract?
ANY DIFERENCE IN FIRING RATE ACROSS MIDLINE THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEUS RESULTS IN STIMULATION OF THE MEDIAL LONGITUDINAL FASCICULUS AND VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT
